Checklist of Mammals of Peninsular Malaysia:
With Scientific, English, and Malay names
Rosli Omar
Flora Special Interest Group, Malaysian Nature Society
23 April 2024
Abstract
This paper describes how a Checklist for mammals of Peninsular Malaysia was created, to have every species given a Malay name, a first for mammals of the Peninsula. Alongside the Malay names are scientific and English names from the Illustrated Checklist of Mammals of the World (Burgin et al. 2020). The aim of the Malay naming is to create the names systematically and that from the names, relationship between species, if any, can be known as to the order, family, subfamily, genus or related genera. For many species this was achieved but for those in the WCA (Wildlife Conservation Act Amendments 2012) or already widely accepted names, if we want to keep them and not follow our naming rule and start anew, then they are just exceptions to the rule. The rule for naming mammals is the most general since mammals are a Class, whereas the rules that we have also created for the Malay names Checklists of birds, butterflies, odonata, and snakes are only to the Order level. This general rule is in fact applicable to creating the other Checklists too.
KEYWORDS
Mammal Checklist Peninsular Malaysia. Mammals’ Malay names. Systematic Malay naming. Species family relationship
Introduction
This Checklist consists of scientific, English, and Malay (Bahasa Melayu) names for mammals of Peninsular Malaysia. The scientific and English names are taken from the Illustrated Checklist of Mammals of the World (ICMW) published 2020 by Lynx in two volumes (Burgin et al. 2020). Only species listed for Peninsular Malaysia are in the list. For whales and dolphins, these are species listed as available in the seas surrounding the Peninsula even though some have not been actually spotted.
Malay names are taken from several sources: the Wildlife Conservation Act Amendments 2012 published by the Attorney-General’s Office of Malaysia (AGC 2012), the website of the Malaysian Biodiversity Information System (MyBIS), and Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu (Wiki-M). If none provide the Malay names then the names are created based on the scientific and English names following the family, subfamily names, and genus/genera. Where the names are available, they may be modified according to the naming rule presented below.
Based on the ICMW, there are 257 species of mammals of Peninsular Malaysia. There are four more species listed in the Checklist but not numbered. These are not listed for the Peninsula by ICMW but are listed by some or all of these organisations: MyBIS, International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red list (IUCN), Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and iNaturalist.
Objectives of Malay naming
- The main objective is to provide a Malay name in a systematic manner to each species of mammals in Peninsular Malaysia i.e., creating a Malay names Checklist of mammals of the Peninsula.
- To create a name for each species such that a relationship, if there is one, to other species can immediately be seen from the name. The relationship is that of family, subfamily, genus or related genera.
With these objectives in mind, below is the general method used to create the Malay names.
Creating the Malay names
Here is the general method to create a Malay name:
<Order name><Family name><Subfamily name><Group name><Subgroup name><Specific name>
This mammal-naming method is the most general compared to those for Checklists of birds, butterflies, odonata, and snakes of Peninsular Malaysia that we have also created. This is not surprising since the mammal Checklist is to the level of Class whereas the others are only to the Order level. This general method is applicable too to the other Checklists. In fact, after the Order name, the method follows the same as the method for creating the other Checklists.
The Order name may consist only part of the order that has Malay names or one that can be created for a related group of families. In this Checklist only two orders are involved: Chiroptera and Cetartiodactyla.The former is related to the families of bats (Cecadu, Keluang and Kelawar) and the latter, the families of whales and dolphins (Paus and Lumba-lumba). (Apart from whales and dolphins, the Order includes hippopotamus and giraffes, among others.)
The Family name is used if there is one Malay name, or one can be created for it. Similarly with the Subfamily name. Consider the Family, Vespertilionidae, the Vesper bats or common bats which are taken as the ‘true’ or ‘default’ bats. Thus, the Malay family name is Kelawar. (A ‘true’ or ‘default’ category is taken as representing the bigger category whether family, subfamily or group. See below for more.) Then consider, say, the subfamily Myotinae, the Myotis bats. Myotis means mouse eared. The subfamily is then named Kelawar Tikus. As an example, the species Myotis ater nugax, Peter’s Myotis or Small Black Myotis, is named Kelawar Tikus Hitam.
Note: Malay family names are not hyphenated. More below on the use of the hyphen.
The Subfamily is chosen when there is no one single Malay family name to the (scientific) family but one is available for the subfamily. An example is Subfamily Cynopterinae (Family: Pteropodidae – Old World Fruit Bats, Cecadu and Keluang). Subfamily Malay name is Cecadu. It hastwo groups, the fruit bats which is the ‘true’ or ‘default’ Cecadu, and the Roussettes, given the group name Besar. An example of a true cecadu is Dyacopterus spadiceus, Common Dayak Fruit Bat, Cecadu Dayak. An example of the roussette, Rousettus amplexicaudatus, Geoffrey’s Rousette, is Cecadu Besar Selangor (first recorded in the Peninsula is in Selangor according to GBIF).
A Group name is any recognisable group within a family or subfamily. For example, the Gibbon family Hylobatidae has two groups, Lotong (Gibbon of genus Hylobates) and Siamang (Siamang of genus Symphalangus). And physically, they are recognisable as different. Another example, taking the same bat family as the above example, Vespertilionidae, with subfamily Kerivoulinae: it has two groups, the trumpet-eared bats (given the name Telinga-putih by Wiki-M), and the wooly bats (given the name Hutan by MyBIS). One example each: Phoniscus jagorii, Common Trumpet-eared Bat, is Kelawar Telinga-putih Pulau-pinang (Pulau Pinang because that is the first record for Peninsular Malaysia by GBIF). And the other, Kerivoula minuta, Least Wooly Bat, is Kelawar Hutan Terkecil (MyBIS).
The Subgroup is used if there is a need to further divide the Group. In this Checklist the Subgroup has not been necessary. It is included for completeness of the naming method. It is used in other Malay names Checklists, for example, for butterflies.
The Specific name is used to specify or identify uniquely a species. In the naming method there are six components to a Malay name. This is the general case. If a species can be uniquely identified, named, by a smaller number of components, then this is better given that people prefer shorter than longer names. For example, there is only one species of elephant in the Peninsula (Family: Elephantidae), Elephas maximus indicus, the Asian Elephant. This is named as Gajah Asia, or even just, Gajah.
At any point in the method, starting from the Order name, when a species can be uniquely specified, the naming process stops. In this and other Checklists there is only a maximum of three components.
Exceptions to the naming methods
One constraint in the application of the proposed Malay naming is the already available names, especially those that are listed in the WCA, which is a piece of legislation. Another is the names that are already widely accepted in the Malay society. Consider again the family Pteropodidae, the Old World Fruit Bats with its Cecadu and Keluang. The subfamily Macroglossusinae has two groups, Cecadu Madu for Blossom Bats and Keluang for Flying foxes. Following our objective to show relatedness between species, in this case, within this subfamily, given that all species of the family is named Cecadu, the Keluang should also be a Cecadu. One possibility is to name it, say, Cecadu Keluang. But Keluang is in the WCA and a widely accepted Malay name. We can just accept Keluang as an exception to our naming method – or take a break from tradition, start anew with Cecadu Keluang.
Another example is the Kambing Gurun, Capricornis sumatraensis, the Sumatran Serow (Family: Bovidae). It is neither a goat (Genus: Capra but of the same Bovidae family) nor in any way related to the desert. But it is in the WCA and again a widely accepted name. So, again, better to leave it as an exception to the rule? Or, as with the Cecadu Keluang, start anew with, say, Serow, or the more correctly named Kambing-hutan in the Indonesian language. The hyphen is important. Without it, Kambing Hutan, means it is a species of goat. (Such hyphenated names are used in other Checklists, for example for birds to distinguish, say, between various groups of raptors.)
Notes on the Malay naming
Limited use of Common. We generally do not use the ‘Common’ in English names. This is because it may be common for its type locality (where the specimen of the named species was taken to be scientifically described), or may no longer be common, or may not be so in the future. When used, it is often for the need to distinguish between species.
Use and non-use of the hyphen. One use of the hyphen is to indicate that two or more words are an item. This is useful to keep to the number of components in a name to a maximum of three components as far as possible (as in this and other Checklists). Family names are not hyphenated. See below.
Malay family names: we do not use hyphenated names. For example, family Ptilocercidae, the Pen-tailed Treeshrew, is the Tupaiakar rather than Tupai-akar. The latter could be mistaken for a species of Tupai, squirrels of the family Sciuridae. The same with Tupaimuncung, family Tupaiidae, the Treeshrews. Similarly for whale families as well as bat families.
Naming is guided by names already in used. As implied above, in the case of Cecadu, Keluang and Kambing Gurun, we do not simply create new names. We try as far as possible to use the available names. But we try to propose names that follow the naming method outlined.
Names after people are not used. Following the American Ornithological Society’s decision (AOS 2023) to change bird names named after people we have decided not to use human names in our naming.
The Checklist
Abbreviations:
inat: iNaturalist. https://www.inaturalist.org/
iucn: International Union for the Conservation of Nature. The Red List. https://www.iucnredlist.org/
mybis: Malaysian Biodiversity Information System. https://www.mybis.gov.my
RLM: Red List of Mammals of Peninsular Malaysia (PERHILITAN)
wca: Wildlife Conservation Act (amendment of schedule order 2012). The Attorney General’s Chambers, Malaysia (AGC 2012)
wiki-m (Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu): https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laman_Utama
IUCN conservation status:
LC : Least Concern; NT : Near Threatened; VU : Vulnerable; EN : Endangered; CR: Critically Endangered; DD : Data Deficient; NE: Not Evaluated.
TL: Type Locality, where the specimen of the named species was taken to be scientifically described.
Checklist of mammals of Peninsular Malaysia following the Illustrated Checklist of the Mammals of the World (Burgin et al. 2020)
| Scientific Name | English Name | Malay Name | Notes | |
| VOLUME 1 ICMW | ||||
| Order Proboscidea | ||||
| Family: Elephantidae | Elephants | Gajah | ||
| 1 | Elephas maximus indicus | Asian Elephant | Gajah Asia (wca) | EN |
| Order Sirena | ||||
| Family: Dugongidae | Dugong | Dugong | ||
| 2 | Dugong dugon | Dugong | Dugong (mybis) | Not in wca. VU |
| Order Scandentia | ||||
| Family: Ptilocercidae | Pen-tailed Treeshrew | Tupaiakar | ||
| 3 | Ptilocercus lowii continentis | Pen-tailed Treeshrew | Tupaiakar 1.Tupai Akar Malam (mybis) | No Malay name in wca. LC |
| Family: Tupaiidae | Treeshrews | Tupaimuncung | ||
| 4 | Tupaia minor malaccana | Lesser Treeshrew | Tupaimuncung Kecil 1.Tupai Muncung Akar (wca,mybis) | LC |
| 5 | Tupaia glis | Common Treeshrew | Tupaimuncung Besar 1.Tupai Muncung Besar (wca,mybis) 2.Kencong (mybis) | LC |
| Order Dermoptera | ||||
| Family: Cynocephalidae | Colugos | Kubung | ||
| 6 | Galeopterus variegatus peninsulae | Sunda Colugo 1.Sunda Flying Lemur (wca) | Kubung (wca,mybis) 1.Kujul (wca,mybis) | LC |
| Order Primates | ||||
| Family: Lorisidae | Lorises | Kongkang | ||
| Subfamily: Lorisinae | ||||
| 7 | Nycticebus bengalensis | Bengal Slow Loris | Kongkang Utara | No Malay name in wca, mybis. Perhaps N PM. EN |
| 8 | Nycticebus coucang coucang | Sunda Slow Loris 1.Greater Slow Loris (iucn) | Kongkang (wca) | EN↓ |
| Family: Cercopithecidae | Old World Monkeys | Beruk, Kera, Lotong | ||
| Subfamily: Cercopithecinae | Beruk & Kera | |||
| 9 | Macaca nemestrina | Sunda Pig-tailed Macaque | Beruk (wca) | EN |
| 10 | Macaca fascicularis fascicularis | Long-tailed Macaque | Kera (wca) | VU (now EN) |
| 11 | Macaca arctoides | Stump-tailed Macaque | Beruk Kentoi (mybis) | Not in wca. N PM (Perlis only?). VU |
| Subfamily: Colobinae | Lotong | |||
| 12 | Presbytis robinsoni | Robinson’s Banded Langur 1.R.B. Surili (Wikipedia) | Lotong Utara | Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. Larut Hills and N. NE |
| 13 | Presbytis siamensis siamensis | Pale-thighed Langur 1.White-thighed Surili (mybis) | Lotong Ceneka (mybis) | Not in wca. Lotong Chenekah for P. melalophos (not in PM) in wca. Absent NW PM. NT |
| 14 | Trachypithecus selangorensis | Selangor Silvery Langur | Lotong Pantai-barat | Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. Coastal, Kedah to N.Sembilan. NE |
| 15 | -Trachypithecus obscurus obscurus – T.o. carbo -T.o. halonifer -T.o. styx | Dusky Langur | Lotong Cengkong (wca,mybis) | T.o. carbo in Langkawi. T.o. halonifer in Penang. T.o styx in Perhentian I. NT |
| + | Trachypithecus cristatus | 1.Silvered Leaf Monkey (wca) 2.Silvery Lutung (mybis,iucn) 3.Miller’s Silvered Langur (gbif) | Lotong Kelabu (wca,mybis) | Not listed icmw but in mybis, iucn, gbif. Coastal, Kedah to Johor (iucn). TC=T.selangorensis? |
| Family: Hylobatidae | Gibbons | Ungka & Siamang | ||
| 16 | Hylobates lar lar | Lar Gibbon | Ungka Tangan-putih 1.Ungka Tangan Putih (wca) | S of Perak River. EN |
| 17 | Hylobates agilis | Agile Gibbon | Ungka Tangan-hitam 1.Ungka Tangan Hitam (wca) | N PM (Muda to Perak Rivers, to Kelantan Rivers). EN |
| 18 | Symphalangus syndactylus | Siamang | Siamang (wca) | NW & C (W, S of Perak River, N of Muar River, and N of Tasek Bera). Montane. EN |
| Family: Spalacidae | Muroid Mole-rats | Dekan | ||
| Subfamily: Rhizomyinae | ||||
| 19 | Rhizomys pruinosus umbriceps | Hoary Bamboo Rat | Dekan Kecil (mybis) | Not in wca. N (S to Perak). LC |
| 20 | -Rhizomys sumatrensis sumatrensis -R.s. cinereus | Indomalayan Bamboo Rat | Dekan Besar (mybis) | Not in wca. R.s.s S to S.Perai. R.s.c. S to Pahang. LC |
| Family: Muridae | True Mice & Rats | Tikus | ||
| Subfamily: Murinae | ||||
| 21 | Hapalomys longicaudatus | Greater Marmoset Rat | Tikus Monyet Bukit 1.Tikus Monyet (mybis) | Hapalomys is Tikus Monyet. Habitat at 500m. Not in wca. EN |
| 22 | Maxomys surifer surifer | Indomalayan Spiny Rat | Tikus Duri Merah (mybis) | Maxomys, Spiny Rat is Tikus Duri. Not in wca. LC |
| 23 | Maxomys rajah | Rajah Sundaic Spiny Rat | Tikus Duri Kluang 1.Tikus Duri Hitam-pudar (mybis) | Kluang, Johor, first record in PM. Not in wca. VU |
| 24 | Maxomys whiteheadi | Whitehead’s Sundaic Spiny Rat | Tikus Duri Kecil 1.Tikus Ekor Pendek (mybis) | The rat is small. Not in wca. VU |
| 25 | Maxomys inas | Malayan Mountain Spiny Rat | Tikus Duri Gunung 1.Tikus Bukit (mybis) | Habitat elevation, >900m.Not in wca. E. LC |
| 26 | Maxomys tajuddinii | Tajuddin’s Spiny Rat | Tikus Duri Kalimantan | TL: Kalimantan. Not in wca, mybis. LC |
| 27 | Lenothrix cana 1.L. canus (mybis) 2.L. malaisia (mybis) | Gray Tree Rat 1.Gray Tree Rat (mybis) 2.Gray Tree Rat (mybis) | Tikus Pohon Kelabu. 1.Tikus Legong (mybis) | Lenothrix, Chiropodomys, Pithecheir are Tikus Pohon (arboreal). Not in wca. LC |
| 28 | Leopoldamys ciliatus | Sundaic Mountain Long-tailed Giant Rat | Tikus Munduk Gunung | Leopoldamys, Giant Rat is Tikus Munduk. Not in wca. No English, Malay names in mybis. LC |
| 29 | Leopoldamys sabanus vociferans | Indomalayan Long-tailed Giant Rat | Tikus Munduk Hutan 1.Tikus Munduk Ekor Panjang (mybis) 2.Tikus Perah (mybis) | Habitat: Forest. Not in wca. LC |
| 30 | Niviventer cremoriventer | Sundaic Arboreal White-bellied Rat | Tikus Perut-putih Sunda 1.Tikus Akar (mybis) 2.Tikus Beruk (mybis) | Niviventer, White-bellied Rat is Tikus Perut-putih. Not in wca. LC |
| 31 | Niviventer cameroni | Cameron Highlands (or Malaysian) White-bellied Rat | Tikus Perut-putih Cameron-highland | Not in wca. No malay name, mybis. VU |
| 32 | Niviventer bukit 1.N. fulvescens (iucn) | Bukit White-bellied Rat | Tikus Perut-putih Bukit 1.Tikus Dada Putih (mybis) | N PM. NE |
| 33 | Berylmys bowersii (inat) 1.B. bowersi (mybis,iucn,gbif,inat) | Bower’s White-toothed Rat | Tikus Gigi-putih Kepong 1.Tikus Bulu Kasar (mybis) | Berylmys is Tikus Gigi-putih. Kepong, first record in PM. Not in wca. TL: Yunnan. LC |
| 34 | Sundamys annandalei (gbif) 1.Rattus annandalei (mybis,iucn,inat,gbif) | Annandale’s Sundaic Rat | Tikus Sunda Sungkai 1.Tikus Tunggul (mybis) | Sundamys is Tikus Sunda. Not in wca, mybis. TL: Sungkai. LC |
| 35 | Sundamys muelleri | Muller’s Rat | Tikus Sunda Gergasi 1.Tikus Lembah (mybis) | Not in wca. TL: Sumatra. LC |
| 36 | Rattus norvegicus | Brown/Common/Domestic/Sewer/Norway Rat | Tikus Perang 1.Tikus Mondok (mybis) | Rattus: ‘True’ Tikus. Not in wca. LC |
| 37 | Rattus rattus | Roof Rat 1.Black Rat (mybis,inat) 2.House Rat (mybis,iucn) | Tikus Rumah (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 38 | Rattus tanezumi | Oriental Roof Rat 1.Oriental House Rat (mybis,iucn,gbif,inat) | Tikus Atap | Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. LC |
| 39 | Rattus losea | Losea Rat | Tikus Utara | Not in wca, mybis. Extreme NW. TL: Taiwan. |
| 40 | Rattus tiomanicus | Malayan Field Rat | Tikus Belukar (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 41 | Rattus argentiventer | Ricefield Rat | Tikus Sawah (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 42 | Rattus exulans | Pacific/Polynesian Rat 1.Little Rat | Tikus Kecil (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 43 | Chiropodomys gliroides | Indomalayan Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse | Tikus Pohon Indomalaya 1.Tikus Bulu (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 44 | Pithecheir parvus | Malayan Tree Rat | Tikus Pohon Malaya 1.Tikus Ibu Jari Monyet (mybis) | Not in wca. DD |
| 45 | Mus musculus | House Mouse | Tikus Dunia | Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. LC |
| Family: Hystricidae | Old World Porcupines | Landak | ||
| 46 | Trichys fasciculata | Long-tailed Porcupine | Landak Padi (wca) | LC |
| 47 | Atherurus macrourus | Asiatic Brush-tailed Porcupine | Landak Nibong (wca) | LC |
| 48 | Hystrix brachyura brachyura | Malayan Porcupine | Landak Raya (wca) | LC |
| Family: Sciuridae | Tree, Flying & Ground Squirrels | Tupai | ||
| Subfamily: Ratufinae | Tupai Kerawak | |||
| 49 | Ratufa affinis affinis | Pale Giant Squirrel | Tupai Kerawak Putih-Kuning (wca) | Ratufa, Giant Squirrel is Tupai Kerawak. NT |
| 50 | -Ratufa bicolor angusticeps -R.b. melanopepla -R.b. phaeopepla | Black Giant Squirrel | Tupai Kerawak Hitam (wca) | NT |
| Subfamily: Callosciurinae | Tupai | Subfamily is ‘true’ Tupai | ||
| 51 | Tamiops mcclellandii leucotis | Himalayan Striped Squirrel | Tupai Bunga (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 52 | Dremomys rufigenis belfieldi | Asian Red-cheeked Squirrel | Tupai Pipi-merah 1.Tupai Pipi Merah (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 53 | Sundasciurus hippurus hippurus | Horse-tailed Squirrel | Tupai Ekor-kuda 1.Tupai Ekor Kuda (mybis) | Not in wca. NT |
| 54 | Sundasciurus tenuis tenuis | Slender Squirrel | Tupai Cerleh (mybis) 1.Tupai Chelis (mybis) | LC |
| 55 | Sundasciurus tahan 1. Sundasciurus tenuis tahan (mybis)? | Upland Squirrel | Tupai Gunung | Not in wca, iucn, mybis. In gbif, inat. NE |
| 56 | Sundasciurus lowii robinsoni | Low’s Squirrel | Tupai Ekor-pendek 1.Tupai Ekor Pendek (mybis) | Shorter tail than S. tenuis. Not in wca. TL: Labuan. LC |
| 57 | Rhinosciurus laticaudatus saturatus | Shrew-faced Squirrel 1.Ant-eating Squirrel (gbif) | Tupai Naning (mybis) 1.Tupai Semut 2.Tupai Naming (mybis) | Not in wca. TL: Pontianak, Kalimantan. Diet: arthropods. NT |
| 58 | Lariscus insignis peninsulae | Three-striped Ground Squirrel | Tupai Belang-tiga 1.Tupai Belang Tiga (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 59 | -Callosciurus prevosti prevosti -C.p. humei -C.p. wrayi | Prevost’s Squirrel | Tupai Gading (wca,mybis) 1.Tupai Asia Tiga Warna (mybis) | TL: Malacca. LC |
| 60 | Callosciurus nigrovittatus bilimitatus | Black-striped Squirrel | Tupai Belang-hitam 1.Tupai Tompok (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 61 | Callosciurus notatus miniatus | Plantain Squirrel | Tupai Kampung (mybis) 1.Tupai Pinang (mybis) | Not in wca. TL: W Java. LC |
| 62 | -Callosciurus caniceps adangensis -C.c. concolor | Gray-bellied Squirrel | Tupai Perut-kelabu 1.Tupai Perut Kelabu (mybis) | Not in wca. C.c.a: Langkawi. LC |
| 63 | -Callosciurus erythraeus hyperthrus -C.e. rubeculus | Pallas’s Squirrel | Tupai Bukit | Habitat: Hill forests (gbif). Not in wca. No malay name, mybis. LC |
| 64 | -Iomys horsfieldi davisoni -I.h. penangensis | Javanese Flying Squirrel | Tupai Terbang Ekor-merah 1.Tupai Terbang Ekor Merah (wca) | Iomys, Hylopetes, Petinomys, Aeromys, Pteromyscus, Petaurista – Flying Squirrels: Tupai Terbang. LC |
| 65 | Hylopetes spadiceus spadiceus | Red-cheeked Flying Squirrel | Tupai Terbang Pipi-merah 1.Tupai Terbang Pipi Merah (wca) | LC |
| 66 | Petinomys setosus | Temminck’s/White-bellied Flying Squirrel | Tupai Terbang Dada-putih 1.Tupai Terbang Dada Putih (wca) | VU |
| 67 | Petinomys genibarbis | Whiskered Flying Squirrel | Tupai Terbang Berjambang (wca) | VU |
| 68 | Petinomys vordermanni | Vordermann’s Flying Squirrel | Tupai Terbang Kecil (wca) | TL: Belitung. VU |
| 69 | Aeromys tephromelas tephromelas | Black Flying Squirrel | Tupai Terbang Hitam (wca) | DD |
| 70 | Pteromyscus pulverulentus pulverulentus | Smoky Flying Squirrel | Tupai Terbang Kelabu 1.Tupai Terbang Kotor (wca) | EN |
| 71 | -Petaurista petaurista cicur -P.p. melanota -P.p. penangensis | Red Giant Flying Squirrel | Tupai Terbang Merah (wca) | LC |
| 72 | Petaurista marica 1.Petaurista elegans (wca,mybis,iucn,gbif,inat) | Indochinese Flying Squirrel 1.Spotted Giant Flying Squirrel (wca,mybis,iucn) | Tupai Terbang Bintang (wca,mybis) | Not in wca, mybis, iucn, gbif but in inat. TTB & SGFS for PE. NE |
| VOLUME 2 ICMW | ||||
| Order: Eulipotyphla | ||||
| Family: Erinaceidae | Hedgehogs & Gymnures | Cucurut | Cucurut is Indonesian | |
| Subfamily: Galericinae | ||||
| 73 | Echinosorex gymnurus gymnurus (inat) 1.E. gymnura (mybis,iucn,gbif) | Moonrat | Cucurut Tikus Bulan 1.Tikus Ambang Bulan (mybis) | Echinosorex is Cucurut Tikus. Not in wca. LC |
| 74 | -Hylomys suillus maxi -H.s. tionis | Short-tailed Gymnure | Cucurut Ekor-pendek 1.Salak Ba’a (mybis) 2.Tikus Babi (mybis) | Hylomys: ‘True’ cucurut. No Malay name in wca. LC |
| Family: Soricidae | Shrews | Cencurut | ||
| Subfamily: Crocidurinae | ||||
| 75 | Suncus etruscus | Etruscan Shrew 1.Pygmy White-toothed Shrew (iucn,inat) 1.Common Dwarf Shrew (gbif) | Cencurut Terkecil (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 76 | Suncus malayanus | Malayan Pygmy Shrew | Cencurut Kenit | Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. LC |
| 77 | Suncus murinus | Asian House Shrew | Cencurut Rumah (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 78 | Crocidura malayana | Malayan White-toothed Shrew | Cencurut Malaya 1.Tikus Pahit (mybis) | LC |
| 79 | Crocidura negligens | Peninsular White-toothed Shrew | Cencurut Semenanjung | No Malay name, mybis. In islands of PM. LC |
| 80 | Crocidura fuliginosa | Southeast Asian White-toothed Shrew | Cencurut Asia-Tenggara 1.Cencurut Hutan (mybis) | LC |
| Family: Talpidae | Moles, Star-nosed Moles & Shrew moles | Penusuk | ||
| Subfamily: Talpinae | ||||
| 81 | Euroscaptor malayanus 1.E. micrura (wca,mybis) | Malaysian Mole | Penusuk | Not in wca, mybis, iucn but in gbif, inat. For gbif, inat, E. micrura not in PM. No Malay name for E. micrura in wca, mybis. Cameron Highlands only. NE |
| Order: Chiroptera | ||||
| Family: Pteropodidae | Old World Fruit Bats | Cecadu & Keluang | ||
| Subfamily: Cynopterinae | Cecadu | |||
| 82 | Megaerops ecaudatus | Temminck’s Tailless Fruit Bat | Cecadu Tiada-ekor 1.Cecadu Tiada Ekor (mybis) | Fruit Bat: Cecadu. Not in wca . TL: Padang, Sumatra. LC |
| 83 | Megaerops albicollis 1.M. wetmorei (mybis,iucn) | White-collared Fruit Bat | Cecadu Tengkuk-putih 1.Cecadu Tengkuk Putih (mybis) | Not in wca. Both MA and MW in gbif. Inat put MW as Ptenochirus wetmorei but in Philippines. NE |
| 84 | Cynopterus sphinx | Greater Short-nosed Fruit Bat | Cecadu Pisang Besar 1.Cecadu Pisang Sphinx (mybis) | Cynopterus: Cecadu Pisang. Not in wca. LC |
| 85 | -Cynopterus brachyotis brachyotis -C.b. altitudinis | Lesser Short-nosed Fruit Bat | Cecadu Pisang Kecil 1.Cecadu Pisang (mybis) | C.b.a: Cameron Highlands. C.b.b: islands only? Not in wca. LC |
| 86 | Cynopterus horsfieldii | Horsfield’s Short-nosed Fruit Bat | Cecadu Pisang Jawa 1.Cecadu Pisang Besar (mybis) | Not in wca. TL: Java. LC |
| 87 | Dyacopterus spadiceus | Common Dayak Fruit Bat | Cecadu Dayak (mybis) | Not in wca. NT |
| 88 | Balionycteris seimundi | Malayan Spotted-winged Bat | Cecadu Sayap-bintik 1.Cecadu Sayap Berbintik Malaya (mybis) | Not in wca. NE |
| 89 | Aethalops alecto alecto | Common Pygmy Fruit Bat | Cecadu Bukit (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 90 | Chironax melanocephalus melanocephalus | Sundaic Black-capped Fruit Bat | Cecadu Kepala-hitam 1.Cecadu Kepala Hitam (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 91 | Penthetor lucasi suyantoi | Lucas’s Short-nosed Fruit Bat | Cecadu Hitam-pudar (mybis) | Not in wca. TL: Sarawak. LC |
| 92 | Eonycteris spelaea spelaea | Lesser Dawn Bat | Cecadu Gua (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 93 | Rousettus amplexicaudatus amplexicaudatus | Geoffrey’s Roussette | Cecadu Besar Selangor 1.Cecadu Besar (mybis) | Rosettus is Cecadu Besar. Selangor, first record PM (gbif, by coordinates). Not in wca. TL: Timor. LC |
| + | Rousettus leschenaultii (mybis,iucn,gbif,inat) | Leschenault’s Rousette | Cecadu Besar Perlis 1.Cecadu Besar Leschenault (mybis) | icmw does not include RL in PM. Wang Klian (gbif). Not in wca. NT. EN (RLM) |
| Subfamily: Macroglossusinae | Cecadu Madu & Keluang | |||
| 94 | Macroglossus minimus lagochilus | Lesser Long-tongued Blossom Bat 1.Dagger-toothed Long-nosed Fruit Bat (iucn) 2.Lesser Long-tongued Fruit Bat (inat) | Cecadu Madu Kecil (mybis) 1.Cecadu Madu Bakau (mybis) | Macroglossus, Blossom Bat is Cecadu Madu. Not in wca. LC |
| 95 | Macroglossus sobrinus sobrinus | Greater Long-tongued Blossom Bat 1.Hill Long-tongued Fruit Bat (iucn) 2.Greater long-tongoued fruit bat (inat) | Cecadu Madu Besar (mybis) 1.Cecadu Madu Bukit (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 96 | -Pteropus hypomelanus fretensis -P.h. geminorum -P.h. lepidus -P.h. robinsoni | Island Flying Fox | Keluang Kecil (wca) 1.Cecadu Keluang Kecil | Pteropus, flying fox is Keluang. P.h.f (Jarak ), P.h.g (Langkawi), P.h.l (Tioman & Aur), P.h.r (Rumbia). NT |
| 97 | Pteropus vampyrus sumatrensis | Large Flying Fox | Keluang (wca) 1.Cecadu Keluang | NT |
| Family: Megadermatidae | False-vampire Bats | Kelawarbuas | ||
| 98 | -Megaderma spasma abditum -M.s. medium | Lesser Asian False-vampire | Kelawarbuas Kecil 1.Kelawar Telinga Lebar (mybis) | M.s.a (Aur), M.s.m (Peninsula). Not in wca. LC |
| 99 | Lyroderma lyra sinensis | Greater Asian False-vampire | Kelawarbuas Besar 1.Kelawar Buas (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| Family: Hipposideridae | Old World Leaf-nosed Bats | Kelawardaun | ||
| 100 | Coelops frithii | East Asian Tailless Leaf-nosed Bat | Kelawardaun Asia-Timur 1.Kelawar Ladam Tidak Berekor (mybis) | Leaf-nosed Bat is Kelawardaun. Not in wca. LC. EN (RLM) |
| 101 | Coelops robinsoni | Malayan Tailless Leaf-nosed Bat | Kelawardaun Malaya 1.Kelawar Ladam Tidak Berekor (mybis) | Not in wca. VU |
| 102 | Hipposideros larvatus | Horsfield’s Leaf-nosed Bat | Kelawardaun Besar 1.Kelawar Ladam Bulat Besar (mybis) | Not in wca. TL: Madura. LC |
| 103 | Hipposideros lylei | Shield-faced Leaf-nosed Bat | Kelawardaun Perisai 1.Kelawar Muncung Perisai (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 104 | Hipposideros diadema | Diadem Leaf-nosed Bat | Kelawardaun Terbesar 1.Kelawar Ladam Bulat Terbesar (mybis) 2.Kelawar Bahu Putih (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 105 | Hipposideros lekaguli | Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bat | Kelawardaun Asia 1.Kelawar Ladam Bulat Asia (wca) | Not in wca. NT. EN (RLM) |
| 106 | Hipposideros cervinus labuanensis | Fawn-colored Leaf-nosed Bat | Kelawardaun Gua 1.Kelawar Ladam Bulat Gua (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 107 | Hipposideros galeritus galeritus | Cantor’s Leaf-nosed Bat | Kelawardaun Pulau-pinang 1.Kelawar Ladam Bulat Pinang (mybis) | Not in wca. TL: Penang. LC |
| 108 | Hipposideros ater saevus | Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat | Kelawardaun Hitam-pudar 1.Kelawar Ladam Hitam Pudar (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 109 | Hipposideros bicolor atrox | Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat | Kelawardaun Biasa 1.Kelawar Ladam Bulat Biasa (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 110 | Hipposideros cineraceus cineraceus | Least Leaf-nosed Bat | Kelawardaun Terkecil 1.Kelawar Ladam Bulat Terkecil (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 111 | Hipposideros doriae | Bornean Leaf-nosed Bat | Kelawardaun Lawas 1.Kelawar Ladam Bulat Lawas (mybis) | Not in wca. NT |
| 112 | Hipposideros dyacorum | Dayak Leaf-nosed Bat | Kelawardaun Dayak 1.Kelawar Ladam Bulat Dayak (mybis) | Not in wca. LC. EN (RLM) |
| 113 | Hipposideros gentilis gentilis | Anderson’s Leaf-nosed Bat | Kelawardaun Myanmar 1.Kelawar Ladam Andersen (mybis) | Not in wca. TL: Myanmar. NE |
| 114 | Hipposideros halophyllus | Thailand Leaf-nosed Bat | Kelawardaun Thailand 1.Kelawar Ladam Bulat Thailand (mybis) | Not in wca. Perlis only. VU |
| 115 | Hipposideros kunzi | Kunz’s Leaf-nosed Bat | Kelawardaun Pahang | Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. TL: Krau. NE |
| 116 | Hipposideros orbiculus | Orbiculus Leaf-nosed Bat | Kelawardaun Kecil 1.Kelawar Ladam Bulat Bercakera Kecil (mybis) 2.Kelawar Ladam Bulat Kecil (Wikipedia) | Not in wca. TL: Kota Baru, Sumatra. VU |
| 117 | Hipposideros ridleyi | Ridley’s Leaf-nosed Bat | Kelawardaun Singapura 1.Kelawar Ladam Bulat Singapura (mybis) | Not in wca. TL: Singapore. VU |
| Family: Rhinolopidae | Horseshoe Bats | Kelawarladam | ||
| 118 | Rhinolophus macrotis | Big-eared Horseshoe Bat | Kelawarladam Telinga-panjang 1.Kelawar Ladam Telinga Panjang (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 119 | Rhinolophus marshalli | Marshall’s Horseshoe Bat | Kelawarladam Siam 1.Kelawar Ladam Marshall (mybis) | Not in wca. TL: Chantaburi, Thailand. LC |
| 120 | -Rhinolophus robinsoni robinsoni -R.r.k | Robinson’s/Peninsular Horseshoe Bat | Kelawarladam Semenanjung 1.Kelawar Ladam Semenanjung (mybis) | Not in wca. TL: Surat Thani. NT |
| 121 | Rhinolophus borneensis | Bornean Horseshoe Bat | Kelawarladam Borneo 1.Kelawar Ladam Borneo (mybis) | Not in wca. NW PM. TL: Labuan. LC |
| 122 | Rhinolophus malayanus | Malayan Horseshoe Bat | Kelawarladam Utara 1.Kelawar Ladam Utara (mybis) | Not in wca. N PM. LC |
| 123 | Rhinolophus acuminatus | Acuminate Horseshoe Bat | Kelawarladam Kenarong 1.Kelawar Ladam Kenarong (mybis) | Not in wca. Kenarong, Terengganu. TL: Java. LC |
| 124 | Rhinolophus pusillus lakkhanae | Least Horseshoe Bat | Kelawarladam Terkecil (mybis) | Not in wca. TL: Java. LC |
| 125 | Rhinolophus convexus | Convex Horseshoe Bat | Kelawarladam Tanah-rata | Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. TL: Tanah Rata. DD. EN (RLM) |
| 126 | Rhinolophus refulgens refulgens | Glossy Horseshoe Bat | Kelawarladam Bulu-kilat 1.Kelawar Ladam Bulu Kilat (mybis) | Not in wca. NE |
| 127 | Rhinolophus coelophyllus | Croslet Horseshoe Bat | Kelawarladam Berpalang (mybis) | Not in wca. TL: Salween, Myanmar |
| 128 | Rhinolophus affinis affinis | Intermediate Horseshoe Bat | Kelawarladam Hutan (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 129 | Rhinolophus stheno | Lesser Brown Horseshoe Bat | Kelawarladam Bukit (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 130 | Rhinolophus sedulus | Lesser Wooly Horseshoe Bat | Kelawarladam Kecil | Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. TL: Sarawak. NT |
| 131 | Rhinolophus morio 1.R. luctus (iucn)? | Malaysian Wooly Horseshoe Bat | Kelawarladam Malaysia 1.Kelawar Ladam Mario (mybis) | Not in wca, iucn, inat. NE |
| 132 | Rhinolophus luctoides | Selangor Wooly Horseshoe Bat | Kelawarladam Selangor | Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. NE |
| 133 | Rhinolophus chiewkweeae | Chiew Kwee’s Horseshoe Bat | Kelawarladam Johor 1.Kelawar Ladam Chiew Kwee (mybis) | Not in wca. TL: Ledang. DD. VU (RLM) |
| + | Rhinolophus lepidus | Blyth’s Horseshoe Bat | Kelawarladam Perlis 1.Kelawar Ladam Bulu Kilat (mybis) | icmw does not include RL in PM but mybis, iucn, gbif, inat do. First record PM, Perlis. Not in wca. LC |
| Family: Emballonuridae | Sheath-tailed Bats | Kelawarsarong | ||
| Subfamily: Taphozoninae | ||||
| 134 | Taphozous longimanus | Long-winged Sheath-tailed Bat | Kelawarsarong Kepak-panjang 1.Kelawar Kepak Panjang (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 135 | Saccolaimus saccolaimus crassus | Bare-rumped Sheath-tailed Bat | Kelawarsarong Dada-putih 1.Kelawar Dada Putih (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| Subfamily: Emballonurinae | ||||
| 136 | Emballonura monticola | Lesser Sheath-tailed Bat | Kelawarsarong Kecil 1.Kelawar Teng Teng (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| Family: Nycteridae | Slit-faced Bats | Kelawarlekok | ||
| 137 | Nycteris tragata | Malaysian Slit-faced Bat | Kelawarlekok 1.Kelawar Muka Lekok (mybis) | Not in wca. NT |
| Family: Molossidae | Free-tailed Bats | Kelawarkelasar | ||
| Subfamily: Molossinae | ||||
| 138 | Cheiromeles torquatus torquatus | Greater Naked Bat | Kelawarkelasar Besar 1.Batin Kelasar (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 139 | Chaerephon johorensis | Lesser Northern Free-tailed Bat 1.Dato Meldrum’s Bat (mybis) | Kelawarkelasar Johor 1.Kelawarkelasar Kecil 2.Kelasar Johor (mybis) | Not in wca. VU |
| 140 | Chaerophon plicatus | Wrinkle-lipped Free-tailed Bat | Kelawarkelasar Rumah 1.Kelasar Rumah (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 141 | Mops mops | Malayan Free-tailed Bat | Kelawarkelasar Lubang-kayu 1.Kelasar Lubang Kayu (mybis) | Not in wca. NT |
| Family: Miniopteridae | Long-fingered Bats | Kelawarpanjang | ||
| 142 | Miniopterus magnater | Large Long-fingered Bat | Kelawarpanjang Besar 1.Kelawar Jari Panjang Besar (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 143 | Miniopterus pusillus | Small Long-fingered Bat | Kelawarpanjang Kecil 1.Kelawar Jari Panjang Terkecil (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 144 | Miniopterus medius | Intermediate Long-fingered Bat | Kelawarpanjang Tengahan 1.Kelawar Jari Panjang (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 145 | Miniopterus blepotis (gbif,inat) 1.M. schreibersii blepotis (gbif,mybis) | Javanese Long-fingered Bat | Kelawarpanjang Bukit 1.Kelawar Jari Panjang Bukit (mybis) | Not in wca. KJPB for MS. NE |
| Family: Vespertilionidae | Vesper Bats | Kelawar | Vesper=Evening or Common bats i.e., ‘True’ bats | |
| Subfamily: Vespertilioninae | ||||
| 146 | Glischropus tylopus | Common Thick-thumbed Bat 1. Sunda Thick-thumbed Pipistrelle (mybis) | Kelawar Kenit Sunda 1.Kelawar Tapak Tangan Putih (mybis) | Pipistrelle: Kelawar Kenit. Not in wca. LC |
| 147 | Pipistrellus javanicus javanicus | Javan Pipistrelle | Kelawar Kenit Jawa 1.Kelawar Hidung Pendek Jawa (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 148 | Pipistrellus tenuis portensis | Least Pipistrelle | Kelawar Kenit Terkecil Kelawar Hidung Pendek Terkecil (mybis) | Pipistrelle is Kelawar Kenit. Not in wca. LC |
| 149 | Pipistrellus stenopterus | Narrow-winged Pipistrelle | Kelawar Kenit Sayap-tirus 1.Kelawar Malam Kecil (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 150 | Tylonycteris fulvida fulvida | Indomalayan Lesser Bamboo Bat | Kelawar Buluh Tanah-Besar 1.Kelawar Buluh Kecil Tanah Besar (mybis) | Tylonycteris, Bamboo Rat is Kelawar Buluh. Not in wca. NE |
| 151 | Tylonycteris malayana malayana | Malayan Greater Bamboo Bat | Kelawar Buluh Malaya (mybis) | Not in wca. NE |
| + | Tylonycteris pachypus | Sunda Lesser Bamboo Bat (mybis) | Kelawar Buluh Kecil (mybis) | TP not in PM for icmw and inat but in for mybis, iucn, gbif. Not in wca. LC |
| 152 | Philetor brachypterus | Rohu’s Bat/Short-winged Pipistrelle | Kelawar Kenit Telinga-pendek 1.Kelawar Telinga Pendek (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 153 | Hypsugo macrotis | Big-eared Pipistrelle | Kelawar Kenit Telinga-besar 1.Kelawar Telinga Besar (mybis) | W PM. Not in wca. DD |
| 154 | Arielulus circumdatus | -Bronze Sprite -Black-gilded Pipistrelle | Kelawar Kenit Hitam-kuning 1.Kelawar Hitam Kuning (mybis) | Not in wca. Fraser’s Hill only. LC |
| 155 | Hesperoptenus doriae | -Doria’s False Serotine -False Serotine Bat | Kelawar Petang Sederhana 1.Kelawar Petang Palsu Sederhana (mybis) | Hesperoptenus, False Serotine is Kelawar Petang. Not in wca. TL: Sarawak. DD. EN (RLM) |
| 156 | Hesperoptenus blanfordi | -Blanford’s False Serotine -Least False Serotine | Kelawar Petang Kecil 1.Kelawar Petang Palsu Kecil (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 157 | Hesperoptenus tomesi | Large False Serotine | Kelawar Petang Besar 1.Kelawar Petang Palsu (mybis) | Not in wca. VU |
| 158 | Scotophilus kuhlii | Lesser Asiatic Yellow Bat 1. Lesser Asiatic Yellow House Bat (iucn) | Kelawar Kuning Rumah 1.Kelawar Rumah (mybis) | Scotophilus, Yellow Bat is Kelawar Kuning. Not in wca. LC |
| Subfamily: Kerivoulinae | ||||
| 159 | Phoniscus atrox | Groove-toothed Trumpet-eared Bat | Kelawar Telinga-putih Terengganu 1.Kelawar Telinga Putih (wiki-m) 2.Kelawar Putih Ditelinga (mybis) | Phoniscus: Kelawar Telinga-putih. Terengganu, first record PM in gbif. Not in wca. NT. VU (RLM) |
| 160 | Phoniscus jagorii | – Peter’s Trumpet-eared Bat – Common Trumpet-eared Bat | Kelawar Telinga-putih Pulau-pinang 1.Kelawar Putih Ditelinga Jagor (mybis) | Penang, first record PM in gbif. Not in wca. LC. VU (RLM) |
| 161 | Kerivoula hardwickii | -Hardwick’s Wooly Bat -Common Wooly Bat | Kelawar Hutan Biasa 1.Kelawar Hutan (mybis) | Kerivoula is Kelawar Hutan. Not in wca. LC |
| 162 | Kerivoula krauensis | Krau Wooly Bat | Kelawar Hutan Krau | No Malay name, mybis. Not in wca. NT |
| 163 | Kerivoula minuta | Least Wooly Bat | Kelawar Hutan Terkecil (mybis) | Not in wca. NT |
| 164 | Kerivoula intermedia | Small Wooly Bat | Kelawar Hutan Kecil (mybis) | Not in wca. NT |
| 165 | Kerivoula papillosa | Papillose Wooly Bat | Kelawar Hutan Besar (mybis) | Not in wca. TL: Java. LC |
| 166 | Kerivoula lenis | Lenis Wooly Bat | Kelawar Hutan Johor (mybis) | Recorded Endau-Rompin, Johor in gbif. Not in wca. TL: Kolkata. LC |
| 167 | Kerivoula pellucida | Clear-winged Wooly Bat | Kelawar Hutan Kepak-jernih 1.Kelawar Kepak Jernih (mybis) | Not in wca. NT |
| 168 | Kerivoula picta | Painted Wooly Bat | Kelawar Hutan Kupu-kupu 1.Kelawar Kupu-kupu (mybis) | Not in wca. NT |
| 169 | Kerivoula whiteheadi bicolor | Whitehead’s Wooly Bat | Kelawar Hutan Filipina 1.Kelawar Hutan Whitehead (mybis) | KW in Central PM. Not in iucn, gbif. Not in wca. TL: Luzon. LC |
| Subfamily: Murininae | Tube-nosed bats | Kelawar Laras | ||
| 170 | Harpiocephalus harpia harpia | Hairy-winged Bat | Kelawar Laras Kepak-berbulu 1.Kelawar Hidung Laras Harpio (mybis) 2.Kelawar Kepak Berbulu (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 171 | Murina huttonii rubella | -Hutton’s Tube-nosed Bat -White-bellied Tube-nosed Bat | Kelawar Laras Bukit 1.Kelawar Hidung Laras Bukit (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 172 | Murina suilla suilla | Brown or Lesser Tube-nosed Bat | Kelawar Laras Kecil 1.Kelawar Hidung Laras Kecil (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 173 | Murina aenea | Bronze Tube-nosed Bat | Kelawar Laras Gangsa 1.Kelawar Bulu Emas (mybis) Kelawar Hidung Laras Gangsa(mybis) | Not in wca. VU |
| 175 | Murina peninsularis | Peninsular Tube-nosed Bat | Kelawar Laras Semenanjung 1.Kelawar Hidung Laras Semenanjung (mybis) | Not in wca. Not in iucn but in gbif. No observations, inat.. TL: Ulu Chemperoh, Janda Baik. NE |
| 176 | Murina rozendaali | Gilded Tube-nosed Bat | Kelawar Laras Emas 1.Kelawar Hidung Laras Emas (mybis) | Not in wca. TL: Sabah. VU |
| 177 | Murina Balaensis | Bala Tube-nosed Bat | Kelawar Laras Hala-bala 1.Kelawar Hidung Laras Hala-bala (mybis) | Hala-bala: Southern Thailand. Not in wca. CR |
| Subfamily: Myotinae | Myotis | Kelawar Tikus | Myotis = Mouse-eared | |
| 178 | Myotis hermani | -Herman’s Myotis -Herman’s Bat | Kelawar Tikus Temenggor | Belum-Temonggor. TL: Sumatra. Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. DD. VU (RLM) |
| 179 | Myotis ater nugax | -Peter’s Myotis -Small Black Myotis | Kelawar Tikus Hitam 1.Kelawar Hitam (mybis) 2.Kelawar Kumis Hitam (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 180 | Myotis muricola | -Nepalese Whiskered Myotis -N.W. Bat | Kelawar Tikus Asia 1.Kelawar Kumis Asia (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 181 | Myotis federatus | Malayan Whiskered Myotis | Kelawar Tikus Malaya 1.Kelawar Kumis Malaya (mybis) | Not in wca. DD |
| 182 | Myotis siligorensis | Himalayan Whiskered Myotis 1.Small-toothed myotis (gbif, vernacular name. Also, above name) | Kelawar Tikus Gigi-kecil 1.Kelawar Kumis Gigi Kecil (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 183 | Myotis ridleyi | -Ridley’s Myotis -R. Bat | Kelawar Tikus Kecil 1. Kelawar Tikus Telinga Kecil (mybis) 2.Kelawar Kecil (mybis) | Not in wca. NT |
| 184 | Myotis horsfieldii horsfieldii | Horsfield’s Myotis | Kelawar Tikus Lobang-batu 1.Kelawar Lobang Batu (mybis) | Not in wca. TL: Java. LC |
| 185 | Myotis hasseltii hasseltii | Lesser Large-footed Myotis | Kelawar Tikus Bakau 1.Kelawar Bakau (mybis) | Habitat: mangroves, among others. Not in wca. LC |
| Order Cetartiodactyla | ||||
| Family: Balaenopteridae | Rorquals (Whales) | Paus | ‘True’ Paus | |
| 186 | Megaptera novaeangliae | Humpback Whale | Paus Kelasa (wiki-m) | Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. LC |
| 187 | Balaenoptera acutorostra | Common Minke Whale | Paus Kecil | Second smallest whale, to dwarf right whale. Balaenoptera not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. LC |
| 188 | Balaenoptera borealis | Sei Whale | Paus Sardin 1.Paus Sei (wiki-m) | Sei is pollock in Norwegian. In Japanese, it is Sardine Whale. No Malay name, mybis. EN |
| 189 | Balaenoptera edini | Bryde’s Whale | Paus Luulumbo 1.Paus Bryde (wiki-m) | Luulumbo (Kadazan – mybis). LC |
| 190 | Balaenoptera musculus | Blue Whale | Paus Biru (wiki-m) | No Malay name, mybis. EN |
| 191 | Balaenoptera omurai | Omura Whale | Paus Jepun | TL: Sea of Japan. No Malay name, mybis. DD |
| 192 | Balaenoptera physalus | Fin Whale | Paus Besar | Second biggest whale, to Blue whale. No Malay name, mybis. VU |
| Family: Physeteridae | Paussperma | |||
| 193 | Physeter macrocephalus | Sperm Whale | Paussperma 1.Paus sperma (wiki-m) | Sperm, from spermaceti (sperm oil). Only species. Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. VU |
| Family: Kogiidae | Pygmy and Dwarf Sperm Whales | Pausnayan | ||
| 194 | Kogia breviceps | Pygmy Sperm Whale | Pausnayan Kenit 1.Paus Nayan (wiki-m) | Kogia not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. LC |
| 195 | Kogia sima | Dwarf Sperm Whale | Pausnayan Kerdil | No Malay name, mybis. LC |
| Family: Ziphiidae | Beaked Whales | Pausparuh | ||
| 196 | Ziphius cavirostris | Cuvier’s Beaked Whale | Pausparuh Paruh-pendek | Shorter beaked. Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. LC |
| 197 | Indopacetus pacificus | Longman’s or Indo-pacific Beaked Whale | Pausparuh Indopasifik | not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. DD |
| 198 | Mesoplodon ginkgodens | Gingkgo-toothed Beaked Whale | Pausparuh Jepun | Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. TL: Japan. DD |
| 199 | Mesoplodon densirostris | Blainville’s Beaked Whale | Pausparuh Brunei | Nearest recorded to PM, Brunei (gbif). TL: unknown. Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. DD |
| Family: Delphinidae | Ocean Dolphins | Lumba-lumba | Two groups: non-beaked (whale-like) or beaked (‘True’ Lumba-lumba) | |
| 200 | Orcinus orca | Killer Whale or Orca | Lumba-lumba Paus Buding 1.Paus buding (wiki-m) | Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. DD |
| 201 | Orcaella brevirostris | Irrawady or Ridge-backed Dolphin | Lumba-lumba Paus Empesut (mybis-Sabah) | Not in wca. EN |
| 202 | Steno bredanensis | Rough-toothed Dolphin | Lumba-lumba Selat-melaka | Only sighting PM, Straits of Malacca (gbif). Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. LC |
| 203 | Grampus griseus | Risso’s or Grey Dolphin | Lumba-lumba Paus Kelabu 1.Lumba-lumba Risso (wiki-m) | Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. LC |
| 204 | Pseudorca crassidens | False Killer Whale | Lumba-lumba Paus Hitam 1.Paus Hitam (wiki-m) | Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. NT |
| 205 | Feresa attenuata | Pygmy Killer Whale | Lumba-lumba Paus Kenit | Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. LC |
| 206 | Peponocephala electra | Melon-headed Whale | Lumba-lumba Paus Sarawak 1.Paus Kepala Semangka (wiki-m) | Sighting nearest PM, Sarawak (gbif). Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. LC |
| 207 | Globicephala macrorhynchus | Pacific Pilot Whale | Lumba-lumba Paus Pasifik | Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. LC |
| 208 | Sousa chinensis | Indo-pacific Humpbacked Dolphin | Lumba-lumba Putih (mybis) | Not in wca. VU |
| 209 | Tursiops truncatus | Common Bottlenose Dolphin | Lumba-lumba Lazim | First sighting Malaysia, Perak (gbif).Bottlenose from old style gin bottle. Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis.LC |
| 210 | Tursiops aduncus | Indo-pacific Bottlenose Dolphin | Lumba-lumba Indopasifik | Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. DD |
| 211 | Stenella attenuata | Pantropical Spotted Dolphin | Lumba-lumba Bintik | Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. LC |
| 212 | Stenella coeruleoalba | Striped Dolphin | Lumba-lumba Belang | not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. LC |
| 213 | Stenella longirostris | Long-beaked Dolphin | Lumba-lumba Paruh-panjang | not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. LC |
| 214 | Delphinus delphis | Common Dolphin | Lumba-lumba | Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. Mybis list D. capensis but not by icmw, iucn, gbif or inat. LC |
| 215 | Lagenodelphis hosei | Fraser’s Dolphin 1.Bornean Dolphin (gbif) | Lumba-lumba Borneo | Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. LC |
| Family: Phocoenidae | Porpoises | Gondal (wiki-m) | ||
| 216 | Neophocaena phocaenoides | Indo-pacific Finless Porpoise | Gondal | Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. VU |
| Family Tragulidae | Chevrotains | Kancil & Napuh | ||
| 217 | [1]Tragulus kanchil fulviventer | Lesser Indo-malayan Chevrotain 1.Lesser Mousedeer (mybis) | Kancil (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| 218 | -Tragulus napu napu -T.n. rufulus | Greater Indo-malayan Chevrotain 1.Greater Mousedeer (mybis) | Napuh (wca,mybis) 1.Pelanduk (mybis) | T.n.n: Peninsular. T.n.r: Tioman. LC |
| Family: Cervidae | Deer | Kijang & Rusa | ||
| Subfamily: Cervinae | ||||
| 219 | Muntiacus muntjak muntjak | Southern Red Muntjac | Kijang (wca,mybis) | LC |
| 220 | [2]Rusa unicolor cambojensis | Sambar | Rusa Sambar (wca,mybis) 1.Rusa (mybis) | VU |
| Family: Bovidae | Hollow-horned Ruminants | |||
| Subfamily: Bovinae | ||||
| 221 | Bos gaurus laosiensis | Gaur | Seladang (wca,mybis) | VU. VU (RLM) |
| 222 | Bos javanicus birmanicus | Banteng | Banteng (wca,mybis) 1.Sapi Hutan (mybis) | N PM. EN. CR (RLM) |
| — | Bubalus arnee | Wild Water Buffalo | Kerbau Liar Asia (mybis) | EX in PM (iucn). Not recorded PM by icmw, gbif, inat but in mybis. No Malay name, wca. EN |
| — | Bubalus bubalis | Domesticated water buffalo | Kerbau | Domesticated, not in icmw or iucn but in mybis. No Malay name, mybis. Not in wca. |
| 223 | Capricornis sumatraensis | Sumatran Serow | Kambing Gurun (wca,mybis) 1.Kambing-hutan (Indonesian) 2.Serow | VU. NT (RLM) |
| Family: Suidae | Pigs | Babi | ||
| 224 | Sus barbatus oi | Bearded Pig | Babi Bodoh (wca,mybis) 1.Babi Jakut (mybis) | VU. NT (RLM) |
| 225 | Sus scrota vittatus | Eurasian Wild Pig | Babi Hutan (mybis) | Not in wca. LC |
| Order: Perissodactyla | Horses and relatives | |||
| Family: Tapiridae | Tapirs | Cipan | ||
| 226 | Acrocodia indicus 1.Tapirus indicus (wca,mybis,iucn,gbif,inat) 2.Acrocodia indica (gbif) | Malayan Tapir | Cipan (wca,mybis) | EN. NT (RLM) |
| Family: Rhinocerotidae | Rhinoceros | Badak | ||
| Subfamily: Dicerotinae | ||||
| 227 | Dicerorhinus sumatrensis | Sumatran Rhinoceros | Badak Sumatra (wca,mybis) | EX in PM. CR. CR (RLM) |
| Order: Pholidota | ||||
| Family: Manidae | Pangolins | Tenggiling | ||
| 228 | Manis javanicus | Sunda or Malayan Pangolin | Tenggiling (wca,mybis) | CR. VU (RLM) |
| Order: Carnivora | ||||
| Family: Prionodontidae | Linsangs | Linsang | ||
| 229 | Prionodon linsang linsang | Banded Linsang | Linsang (wca,mybis) | LC. NT (RLM) |
| Family: Felidae | Cats | Harimau & Kucing | ||
| Subfamily: Pantherinae | Harimau | |||
| 230 | Panthera pardus delacouri | Leopard | Harimau Kumbang/Bintang (wca,mybis) | VU. EN (RLM) |
| 231 | Panthera tigris tigris | Tiger | Harimau Belang (wca,mybis) | P.t.jacksoni for PM not recognised by icmw. EN. EN (RLM) |
| 232 | Neofelis nebulosa | Indochinese Clouded Leopard | Harimau Dahan (wca,mybis) | VU. NT (RLM) |
| Subfamily: Felinae | Kucing | |||
| 233 | Pardofelis marmorata marmorata | Marbled Cat | Kucing Dahan (wca,mybis) | NT |
| 234 | Catopuma temminckii temminckii | Asian Golden Cat | Kucing Tulap (wca,mybis) | NT |
| 235 | Prionailurus planiceps | Flat-headed Cat | Kucing Hutan (wca,mybis) | EN. NT (RLM) |
| 236 | Prionailurus viverrinus viverrinus | Fishing Cat | Kucing Ikan (mybis) | No Malay name, wca. Not in PM for iucn, gbif, inat. VU |
| 237 | Prionailurus bengalensis bengalensis | Common Leopard Cat | Kucing Batu (wca,mybis) | LC |
| Family: Viverridae | Civets, Gerets & Oyans | Musang | ||
| Subfamily: Viverrinae | ||||
| 238 | Viverricula indica rasse | Small Indian Civet | Musang Bulan (mybis) | No Malay name, wca. LC. NT (RLM) |
| 239 | -Viverra tangalunya tangalunya -V.t. lankavensis (Langkawi) | Malay Civet | Musang Tenggalung (wca,mybis) | LC |
| 240 | Viverra zibetha sigillata | Large Indian Civet | Musang Jebat (wca,mybis) | LC. NT (RLM) |
| 241 | Viverra megaspila | Large Spotted Civet | Musang Tompok-besar 1.Musang Titik Besar (wca,mybis) | EN. EN (RLM) |
| Subfamily: Paradoxurinae | ||||
| 242 | Arctogalidia trivirgata trivirgata | Small-toothed Palm Civet | Musang Akar (wca) | LC |
| 243 | Arctictis binturong | Binturong | Binturong (wca) 1.Musang Binturong | VU |
| 244 | Paguma larvata annectens | Masked Palm Civet | Musang Lamri (wca) | LC |
| 245 | [3]Paradoxurus musanga musanga -P. musangus (mybis,iucn,gbif,inat) | Southern Palm Civet | Musang Pulut (mybis) | NE |
| Subfamily: Hemigalinae | ||||
| 246 | Cynogale bennettii | Otter Civet | Musang Memerang (wca,mybis) | EN |
| 247 | Hemigalus derbyanus derbyanus | Banded Palm Civet | Musang Belang (wca,mybis) | NT |
| Family: Herpestidae | Mongooses | Bambun | ||
| Subfamily: Herpestinae | ||||
| 248 | Urva brachyura brachyura 1.Herpestes brachyurus (wca,mybis,iucn) | Short-tailed Mongoose | Bambun Ekor-pendek 1.Bambun Ekor Pendek (wca,mybis) | Urva = Herpestes. NT |
| 249 | Urva urva urva 1.Herpestes urva (mybis) | Crab-eating Mongoose | Bambun (wca,mybis) | LC. EN (RLB) |
| 250 | Urva javanica 1.Herpestes javanicus (wca,mybis) | Javan Mongoose 1.Small Asian Mongoose (mybis) | Bambun Jawa (mybis) 1.Cerpelai Jawa (mybis) | No Malay name, wca. LC |
| Family: Canidae | Dogs | Anjing | ||
| 251 | Cuon alpinus hesperius | Dhole 1.Asiatic Wild Dog (wca) | Anjing Hutan (wca,mybis) | EN. NT (RLM) |
| — | Canis familiaris | Domestic Dog | Anjing | In icmw but not numbered. |
| Family: Ursidae | Bears | Beruang | ||
| Subfamily: Ursinae | ||||
| 252 | Helarctos malayanus malayanus | Sun Bear | Beruang Matahari (wca,mybis) | VU. VU (RLM) |
| Family: Mustelidae | Weasels & relatives | Mengkira, Pulasan, Memerang | ||
| Subfamily: Martinae | ||||
| 253 | Martes flavigula peninsularis | Yellow-throated Marten | Mengkira (wca,mybis) | LC. NT (RLM) |
| Subfamily: Mustelinae | ||||
| 254 | Mustela nudipes | Malay Weasel | Pulasan Tanah (wca,mybis) | LC. NT (RLM) |
| Subfamily: Lutrinae | ||||
| 255 | Lutra sumatrana | Hairy-nosed Otter | Memerang Hidung-berbulu 1.Memerang Hidung Berbulu (wca,mybis) | EN |
| 256 | Aonyx cinereus cinereus | Asian Small-clawed Otter | Memerang Kecil (wca,mbis) | VU |
| 257 | Lutrogale perspicillata perspicillata | Smooth-coated Otter | Memerang Licin (wca,mybis) | VU |
Results and Discussion
A Checklist of mammals of Peninsular Malaysia with every species given a Malay name, alongside scientific and English names, has been created, a first for mammals of the Peninsula. For example, species of the Paus and Lumba-lumba families have now each been given a Malay name. The Checklist follows the scientific and English names from the Illustrated Checklist of the Mammals of the World (Burgin et al. 2020).
There are species that we could not apply our naming rule to show relatedness between them because they are already widely accepted names that do not comply with our rules, for example, the Kambing Gurun (Sumatran Serow, Capricornis sumatraensis) of the family Bovidae. It is neither a goat nor has it anything to do with the desert. If we want to follow our naming rule, the Indonesian name is better suited, Kambing-hutan (but not Kambing Hutan which would infer that it is a species of goat).
Conclusion
This Checklist has 257 species of Peninsular Malaysian mammals according to the Illustrated Checklist of the Mammals of the World (Burgin et al. 2020). The bulk is made up of the families of mice and rats (tikus – 25 species), squirrels (tupai – 24 species), and bats (cecadu, keluang, kelawar – 104 species). The cetaceans of our seas made up 31 species (whales/paus – 14 species, dolphins/lumba-lumba – 16 species, porpoise/gondal – 1 species). There are 8 cats (3 big cats – Harimau belang, kumbang, dahan; 5 small wild cats – kucing liar), 10 civets (musang, including Binturong), 4 langurs (lotong), 3 gibbons (2 ungka and 1 siamang), one bear (Beruang Matahari), and 3 otters (memerang), 3 bovids (Seladang, Banteng, Kambing Gurun), 3 monkeys (Kera, Beruk, Beruk Kentoi), one wild dog (Dhole/Anjing Hutan), one elephant (Gajah Asia), one Dugong, among others.
Our aims to create Malay names to Peninsular Malaysian species in a systematic manner and to indicate relationships between them are achievable for some species. For others already with Malay names, especially those in WCA and widely used names, this presents a constraint. For example, the above-mentioned Keluang and Kambing Gurun in the Introduction.
The naming rule for mammals is the most general compared to those that we have also created for the other Checklists (birds, butterflies, odonates, and snakes) given that mammals are a Class, one higher category than Order for the others. But apart from having the additional category, the naming rule is the same as for creating all the other Checklists. It is a general method for creating Malay names for all the other Checklists.
References
American Ornithological Society (2023). American Ornithological Society Will Change the English Names of Bird Species Named After People. https://americanornithology.org/american-ornithological-society-will-change-the-english-names-of-bird-species-named-after-people/ (Accessed 25 December 2023) (AOS 2023)
Attorney General’s Chambers (2012). Wildlife Conservation Act 2010 Act 716 of Malaysia: Amendment 2012. (AGC 2012)
Burgin, C.J., Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier, Anthony B. Rylands, Thomas E. Lacher & Wes Sechrest (2020), Illustrated Checklist of the Mammals of the World (Volumes 1 & 2), Lynx Edition, Barcelona.
PERHILITAN, (2017), Red list Of Mammals For Peninsular Malaysia Version 2.0. Kuala Lumpur: Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN) Peninsular Malaysia.
Websites
Checklist of Birds of Peninsular Malaysia: https://rosliomarphotography.com/checklist-birds-scientific-english-malay-names/
Checklist of Butterflies of Peninsular Malaysia: https://rosliomarphotography.com/butterfly-checklist-of-peninsular-malaysia/
Checklist of Odonata of Peninsular Malaysia: https://rosliomarphotography.com/odonata-checklist-of-peninsular-malaysia/
Checklist of Snakes of Peninsular Malaysia: https://rosliomarphotography.com/checklist-of-snakes-of-peninsular-malaysia/
GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility): https://www.gbif.org/
iNaturalist: https://www.inaturalist.org/
IUCN Redlist (International Union for the Conservation of Nature): https://www.iucnredlist.org › en
MyBIS (Malaysian Biodiversity Information System): https://mybis.gov.my/one
Wikipedia Bahasa Indonesia: https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halaman_Utama
Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu: https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laman_Utama
[1] MyBis lists T. javanicus for Peninsular Malaysia but not icmw, iucn, and inat. Gbif lists it but its 2 records are from 1963 and both from the same location, Janda Baik.
[2] Mybis lists R. timorensis but as an introduced species.
[3] PM = Paradoxurus hermaphroditus? PH by mybis, iucn, gbif, inat. PH is Northern Palm Civet by icmw.