Checklist of Mammals of Peninsular Malaysia:

With Scientific, English, and Malay names

Rosli Omar

Flora Special Interest Group, Malaysian Nature Society

23 November 2024

Abstract

This paper describes how a Checklist for mammals of Peninsular Malaysia was created, to have every species given a Malay name, a first for mammals of the Peninsula. Alongside the Malay names are scientific and English names from the Illustrated Checklist of Mammals of the World (Burgin et al. 2020). Altogether there are 267 species, including whales and dolphins. The aim of the Malay naming is to create the names systematically and that from the names, relationship between species, if any, can be known as to the family, subfamily, genus or related genera. For many species this was achieved but for those in the WCA (Wildlife Conservation Act Amendments 2012) or already widely accepted names, if we want to keep them and not follow our naming rule and start anew, then they are just exceptions to the rule.

KEYWORDS

Mammal Checklist Peninsular Malaysia. Mammals’ Malay names. Systematic Malay naming. Species family relationship

Introduction

This Checklist consists of scientific, English, and Malay (Bahasa Melayu) names for mammals of Peninsular Malaysia. The scientific and English names are taken from the Illustrated Checklist of Mammals of the World (ICMW) published 2020 by Lynx in two volumes (Burgin et al. 2020). Only species listed for Peninsular Malaysia in ICMW are listed in our Checklist. For whales and dolphins, these are species listed as available in the seas surrounding the Peninsula even though some have not been actually spotted.

Malay names are taken from several sources: the Wildlife Conservation Act Amendments 2012 published by the Attorney-General’s Office of Malaysia (AGC 2012), the book by Mohd. Momin Khan (MMK) published in 2012 (Mohd. Momin Khan 2012), the website of the Malaysian Biodiversity Information System (MyBIS), and Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu (Wiki-M). If none provide the Malay names then the names are created based on the scientific and English names following the family, subfamily names, and genus/genera. Where the names are available, they may be modified according to the naming rules presented below.

Based on the ICMW, there are 267 species of mammals of Peninsular Malaysia divided into 43 families. There are four more species listed in the Checklist but are not numbered. These are not listed for the Peninsula by ICMW but are listed by some or all of these organisations: MMK, MyBIS, International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN), Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and iNaturalist.

Objectives of Malay naming

The main objective is to provide a Malay name in a systematic manner to each species of mammals in Peninsular Malaysia i.e., creating a Malay names Checklist of mammals of the Peninsula.
To create a name for each species such that a relationship, if there is one, to other species can immediately be seen from the name. The relationship is that of family, subfamily, genus or related genera.
For the names to provide as much information as possible.

With these objectives in mind, below is the general method used to create the Malay names.

Creating the Malay names

The basis of the naming is the scientific family name. Here is the general method to create a Malay name:

The Family name is used if there is one Malay name, or one can be created for it. Similarly with the Subfamily name. Consider the Family, Vespertilionidae, the Vesper bats or common bats which are taken as the ‘true’ or ‘default’ bats. The Malay family name is taken as Kelawar. (A ‘true’ or ‘default’ category is taken as representing the bigger category whether family, subfamily or group. See below for more.) Then consider, say, the subfamily Myotinae, the Myotis bats. Myotis means “mouse eared”. The subfamily is named Kelawar Tikus. As an example, the species Myotis ater nugax, Peter’s Myotis or Small Black Myotis, is named Kelawar Tikus Hitam with Hitam being the black appearance.

Note: Malay family names are not hyphenated. More below on the use of the hyphen.

The Subfamily is chosen when there is no one Malay family name to the (scientific) family but one is available for the subfamily. An example is Subfamily Cynopterinae (Family: Pteropodidae – Old World Fruit Bats, Cecadu and Keluang). Subfamily Malay name is Cecadu. It hastwo groups, the fruit bats which is the ‘true’ or ‘default’ Cecadu, and the Roussettes, given the group name Besar. An example of a true cecadu is Dyacopterus spadiceus, Common Dayak Fruit Bat, Cecadu Dayak. An example of the roussette, Rousettus amplexicaudatus, Geoffrey’s Rousette, is Cecadu Besar Selangor (first recorded in the Peninsula was in Selangor according to GBIF).

A Group name is any recognisable group within a family or subfamily. For example, the Gibbon family Hylobatidae has two groups, Lotong (Gibbon of genus Hylobates) and Siamang (Siamang of genus Symphalangus). And physically, they are recognisable as different. Another example, taking the same bat family as the above example, Vespertilionidae, with subfamily Kerivoulinae: it has two groups, the trumpet-eared bats (given the name Telinga-putih by Wiki-M), and the wooly bats (given the name Hutan by MyBIS). One example each: Phoniscus jagorii, Common Trumpet-eared Bat, is Kelawar Telinga-putih Pulau-pinang (Pulau Pinang because that is the first record for Peninsular Malaysia by GBIF). And the other, Kerivoula minuta, Least Wooly Bat, is Kelawar Hutan Terkecil (MMK, MyBIS).

The Subgroup is used if there is a need to further divide the Group. In this Checklist the Subgroup has not been necessary. It is included for completeness of the naming method. It is used in other Malay names Checklists, for example, for butterflies.

The Specific name is used to specify or identify uniquely a species. In the naming method there are five components to a Malay name. This is the general case. If a species can be uniquely identified, named, by a smaller number of components, then this is better given that people prefer shorter than longer names. For example, there is only one species of elephant in the Peninsula (Family: Elephantidae), Elephas maximus indicus, the Asian Elephant. This is named as Gajah Asia, or even just, Gajah.

At any point in the method, starting from the Family name, when a species can be uniquely specified, the naming process stops. In this and other Checklists there is only a maximum of three components to a name.

The above general naming method, in practice, can be broken down into the following methods, noting that the maximum number of components to a Malay name is three:

<Family name><Subfamily name><Specific name>
<Family name><Group name>< Specific name>
<Family name ><Specific name>
<Family name>
< Subfamily name><Group name><Specific name>
< Subfamily name>< Specific name>
<Subfamily name>
<Group name><Subgroup name><Specific name>
< Group name>< Specific name>
<Specific name>

Exceptions to the naming methods

One constraint in the application of the proposed Malay naming is the already available names, especially those that are listed in the WCA, which is a piece of legislation. Another is the names that are already widely accepted in the Malay society. Consider again the family Pteropodidae, the Old World Fruit Bats with its Cecadu and Keluang. The subfamily Macroglossusinae has two groups, Cecadu Madu for Blossom Bats and Keluang for Flying foxes. Following our objective to show relatedness between species, in this case, within this subfamily, given that all species of the family is named Cecadu, the Keluang should also be a Cecadu. One possibility is to name it, say, Cecadu Keluang. But Keluang is in the WCA and a widely accepted Malay name. We can just accept Keluang as an exception to our naming method – or take a break from tradition, start anew with Cecadu Keluang.

Another example is the Kambing Gurun, Capricornis sumatraensis, the Sumatran Serow (Family: Bovidae). It is neither a goat (Genus: Capra, but of the same Bovidae family) nor in any way related to the desert. But it is in the WCA and again a widely accepted name. So, again, better to leave it as an exception to the rule? Or, as with the Cecadu Keluang, start anew with, say, the more correctly named Kambing-hutan in the Indonesian language. The hyphen is important. Without it, Kambing Hutan, means it is a species of goat. (Such hyphenated names are used in other Checklists, for example for birds to distinguish, say, between various groups of raptors.)

Notes on the Malay naming

Limited use of Common. We generally do not use the ‘Common’ in English names. This is because it may be common for its type locality (where the specimen of the named species was taken to be scientifically described), or may no longer be common, or may not be so in the future. When used, it is often for the need to distinguish between species.

Use and non-use of the hyphen. One use of the hyphen is to indicate that two or more words are an item. This is useful to keep to the number of components in a name to a maximum of three components (as in this and other Checklists). Family names are not hyphenated. See below.

Malay family names: we do not use hyphenated names. For example, family Ptilocercidae, the Pen-tailed Treeshrew, is the Tupaiakar rather than Tupai-akar. The latter could be mistaken for a species of Tupai, squirrels of the family Sciuridae. The same with Tupaimuncung, family Tupaiidae, the Treeshrews. Similarly for whale families as well as bat families.

Naming is guided by names already in used. As implied above, in the case of Cecadu, Keluang and Kambing Gurun, we do not simply create new names. We try as far as possible to use the available names. But we try to propose names that follow the naming method outlined.

Names after people are not used. Following the American Ornithological Society’s decision (AOS 2023) to change bird names named after people, we have decided not to use human names in our naming.

The Checklist

Abbreviations:

inat: iNaturalist. https://www.inaturalist.org/

iucn: International Union for the Conservation of Nature, the Red List of Threatened Species. https://www.iucnredlist.org/

mmk: Mohd. Momin Khan (2012), Panduan Bergambar Khazanah Mamalia Semenanjung Malaysia. Tinta Publishers. Kuala Lumpur.

mybis: Malaysian Biodiversity Information System. https://www.mybis.gov.my

rlm: Red List of Mammals of Peninsular Malaysia (2017, PERHILITAN). We checked the status for only some “iconic” species.

wca: Wildlife Conservation Act (amendment of schedule order 2012). The Attorney General’s Chambers, Malaysia (AGC 2012)

wiki-m (Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu): https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laman_Utama

x: Species is not listed in mmk.

IUCN conservation status:

LC : Least Concern; NT : Near Threatened; VU : Vulnerable; EN : Endangered; CR: Critically Endangered; DD : Data Deficient; NE: Not Evaluated.

TL: Type Locality, where the specimen of the named species was taken to be scientifically described.

Table 1. Checklist of mammals of Peninsular Malaysia following the Illustrated Checklist of the Mammals of the World (Burgin et al., 2020)

	*Scientific Name*	English Name	Malay Name	Notes
	*VOLUME 1 ICMW*
	*Order Proboscidea*
	*Family: Elephantidae*	Elephants	Gajah
1	Elephas maximus indicus	Asian Elephant	Gajah Asia (wca) 1.Gajah (mmk)	EN. EN (rlm)
	*Order Sirena*
	*Family: Dugongidae*	Dugong	Dugong
2	Dugong dugon	Dugong	Dugong (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca, rlm. VU
	*Order Scandentia*
	*Family: Ptilocercidae*	Pen-tailed Treeshrew	Tupaiakar
3	Ptilocercus lowii continentis	Pen-tailed Treeshrew	Tupaiakar 1.Tupai Akar Malam (mybis,mmk)	No Malay name in wca. LC
	*Family: Tupaiidae*	Treeshrews	Tupaimuncung
4	Tupaia minor malaccana	Lesser Treeshrew 1.Lesser Tree-shrew (mmk)	Tupaimmuncung Akar 1.Tupaimuncung Kecil 2.Tupai Muncung Akar (wca, mybis, mmk)	LC
5	Tupaia glis	Common Treeshrew 1.Common Tree-shrew (mmk)	Tupaimuncung Besar 1.Tupai Muncung Besar (wca,mybis,mmk) 2.Kencong (mybis)	LC
	*Order Dermoptera*
	*Family: Cynocephalidae*	Colugos	Kubung
6	Galeopterus variegatus peninsulae 1.Cynocephalus variegatus (mmk)	Sunda Colugo 1.Sunda Flying Lemur (wca) 2.Colugo or Flying Lemur (mmk)	Kubung (wca,mybis,mmk) 1. Kujul (wca,mybis)	Not in rlm. LC
	*Order Primates*
	*Family: Lorisidae*	Lorises	Kongkang
	*Subfamily: Lorisinae*
7 x	Nycticebus bengalensis	Bengal Slow Loris	Kongkang Utara	No Malay name in wca, mybis. Not in rlm. Perhaps N PM. EN
8	Nycticebus coucang coucang	Sunda Slow Loris 1.Greater Slow Loris (iucn) 2.Slow Loris (mmk)	Kongkang (wca,mmk)	EN. VU (rlm)
	*Family: Cercopithecidae*	Old World Monkeys	Beruk, Kera, Lotong
	*Subfamily: Cercopithecinae*		Beruk & Kera
9	Macaca nemestrina	Sunda Pig-tailed Macaque 1.Pig-tailed Macaque (mmk)	Beruk (wca,mmk)	Not in rlm. EN
10	Macaca fascicularis fascicularis	Long-tailed Macaque	Kera (wca,mmk)	EN. LC (rlm)
11	Macaca arctoides	Stump-tailed Macaque (mmk)	Beruk Kentoi (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. N PM (Perlis only?). VU. VU (rlm)
	*Subfamily: Colobinae*		Lotong
12	Presbytis femoralis	Raffles’ Banded Langur 1.Banded Leaf Monkey (mmk)	Lotong Cenekah (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. S Johor. Recently, Pahang (nst 20.11.24). CR. NT (rlm)
13 x	Presbytis robinsoni	Robinson’s Banded Langur 1.R.B. Surili (Wikipedia)	Lotong Utara	Not in wca, mmk, rlm. No Malay name, mybis. Larut Hills and N. NE
14 x	Presbytis siamensis siamensis	Pale-thighed Langur 1.White-thighed Surili (mybis)	Lotong Peha-putih 1.Lutong Ceneka (mybis)	Not in wca, mmk. Lotong Chenekah for P. melalophos (not in PM) in wca. Absent NW PM. NT. NT (rlm)
15 x	Trachypithecus selangorensis	Selangor Silvery Langur	Lotong Pantai-barat	Not in wca, mmk, rlm. No Malay name, mybis. Coastal, Kedah to N.Sembilan. NE
16	-Trachypithecus obscurus obscurus – T.o. carbo -T.o. halonifer -T.o. styx	Dusky Langur 1.Dusky Leaf Monkey (mmk)	Lotong Cengkong (wca,mybis) 1.Lotong Cengkung (mmk)	T.o.carbo in Langkawi. T.o. halonifer in Penang. T.o styx in Perhentian I. NT. NT (rlm)
+	Trachypithecus cristatus	1.Silvered Leaf Monkey (wca) 2.Silver Leaf Monkey (mmk) 3.Silvery Lutung (mybis,iucn) 4.Miller’s Silvered Langur (gbif)	Lotong Kelabu (wca,mybis,mmk)	Not listed icmw, rlm but in mybis, iucn, gbif,mmk. Coastal, Kedah to Johor (iucn). TC=T.selangorensis?
	*Family: Hylobatidae*	Gibbons	Ungka & Siamang
17	Hylobates lar lar	Lar Gibbon 1.White-handed Gibbon (mmk)	Ungka Tangan-putih 1.Ungka Tangan Putih (wca) 2.Ungka (mmk)	S of Perak River. EN. EN (rlm)
18	Hylobates agilis	Agile Gibbon	Ungka Tangan-hitam 1.Ungka Tangan Hitam (wca,mmk) 2.Wak-wak (mmk)	N PM (Muda to Perak Rivers, to Kelantan Rivers). EN. VU (rlm)
19	Symphalangus syndactylus	Siamang (mmk)	Siamang (wca,mmk)	NW & C (W, S of Perak River, N of Muar River, and N of Tasek Bera). Montane. EN. EN (rlm)
	*Family: Spalacidae*	Muroid Mole-rats	Dekan
	*Subfamily: Rhizomyinae*
20	Rhizomys pruinosus umbriceps	Hoary Bamboo Rat	Dekan Kecil (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. N (S to Perak). LC
21	-Rhizomys sumatrensis sumatrensis -R.s. cinereus	Indomalayan Bamboo Rat	Dekan Besar (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. R.s.s S to S.Perai. R.s.c. S to Pahang. LC
	*Family: Muridae*	True Mice & Rats	Tikus
	*Subfamily: Murinae*
22	Hapalomys longicaudatus	Greater Marmoset Rat	Tikus Monyet Bukit 1.Tikus Monyet (mybis,mmk)	Hapalomys is Tikus Monyet. Habitat at 500m. Not in wca. EN
23	Maxomys surifer surifer	Indomalayan Spiny Rat	Tikus Duri Merah (mybis,mmk)	Maxomys, Spiny Rat is Tikus Duri. Not in wca. LC
24	Maxomys rajah	Rajah Sundaic Spiny Rat	Tikus Duri Hitam-pudar (mybis,mmk) 1. Tikus Duri Kluang	Kluang, Johor, first record in PM. Not in wca. VU
25	Maxomys whiteheadi	Whitehead’s Sundaic Spiny Rat	Tikus Duri Kecil 1.Tikus Ekor-pendek (mybis,mmk)	The rat is small. Not in wca. VU
26	Maxomys inas	Malayan Mountain Spiny Rat	Tikus Duri Gunung 1.Tikus Bukit (mybis,mmk)	Habitat elevation, >900m.Not in wca. E. LC
27 x	Maxomys tajuddinii	Tajuddin’s Spiny Rat	Tikus Duri Kalimantan	TL: Kalimantan. Not in wca, mybis. LC
28	Lenothrix cana 1.L. canus (mybis,mmk) 2.L. malaisia (mybis)	Gray Tree Rat 1.Gray Tree Rat (mybis) 2.Gray Tree Rat (mybis)	Tikus Pohon Kelabu. 1.Tikus Legong (mybis,mmk)	Lenothrix, Chiropodomys, Pithecheir are Tikus Pohon (arboreal). Not in wca. LC
29	Leopoldamys ciliates 1.L. edwardsi (mmk)	Sundaic Mountain Long-tailed Giant Rat	Tikus Munduk Gunung 1.Tikus Besar Gunung (mmk, for L. edwardsi)	Leopoldamys, Giant Rat is Tikus Munduk. Not in wca. No English, Malay names in mybis. LC
30	Leopoldamys sabanus vociferans	Indomalayan Long-tailed Giant Rat	Tikus Munduk Hutan 1.Tikus Mondok Ekor-panjang (mybis,mmk) 2.Tikus Perah (mybis,mmk)	Habitat: Forest. Not in wca. LC
31	Niviventer cremoriventer	Sundaic Arboreal White-bellied Rat	Tikus Perut-putih Sunda 1.Tikus Akar (mybis,mmk) 2.Tikus Beruk (mybis)	Niviventer, White-bellied Rat is Tikus Perut-putih. Not in wca. LC
32 X	Niviventer cameroni 1.N. rapit (mmk)	Cameron Highlands (or Malaysian) White-bellied Rat	Tikus Perut-putih Cameron-highland 1.Tikus Bukit Ekor-panjang (mmk)	Not in wca. No malay name, mybis. N. rapit now in Borneo. VU
33	Niviventer bukit 1.N. fulvescens (iucn)	Bukit White-bellied Rat	Tikus Perut-putih Bukit 1.Tikus Dada-putih (mybis, mmk)	N PM. NE
34	Berylmys bowersii (inat) 1.B. bowersi (mybis,mmk,iucn,gbif,inat)	Bower’s White-toothed Rat	Tikus Gigi-putih Kepong 1.Tikus Bulu Kasar (mybis,mmk)	Berylmys is Tikus Gigi-putih. Kepong, first record in PM. Not in wca. TL: Yunnan. LC
35	Sundamys annandalei (gbif) 1.Rattus annandalei (mybis,mmk,iucn,inat,gbif)	Annandale’s Sundaic Rat	Tikus Sunda Sungkai 1.Tikus Tunggul (mybis,mmk)	Sundamys is Tikus Sunda. Not in wca, mybis. TL: Sungkai. LC
36	Sundamys muelleri	Muller’s Rat	Tikus Sunda Lembah 1.Tikus Lembah (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. TL: Sumatra. LC
37	Bandicota indica	Greater Bandicoot Rat	Tikus Wirok Besar 1.Wirok Hitam (mybis,mmk)	Bandicoot Rat is Tikus Wirok. Introduced. Not in wca. LC
38	Bandicota bengalensis	Lesser Bandicoot Rat	Tikus Wirok Kecil 1.Wirok Ekor-pendek (mybis,mmk)	Introduced. Not in wca. LC
39	Rattus norvegicus	Brown/Common/Domestic/Sewer/Norway Rat	Tikus Perang 1.Tikus Mondok (mybis,mmk)	Rattus: ‘True’ Tikus. Not in wca. LC
40	Rattus rattus 1.Rattus diardi (mmk)	Roof Rat 1.Black Rat (mybis,inat) 2.House Rat (mybis,iucn,mmk)	Tikus Rumah (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. LC
41 x	Rattus tanezumi	Oriental Roof Rat 1.Oriental House Rat (mybis,iucn,gbif,inat)	Tikus Atap	Not in wca, mmk. No Malay name, mybis. LC
42 x	Rattus losea	Losea Rat	Tikus Utara	Not in wca, mmk, mybis. Extreme NW. TL: Taiwan.
43	Rattus tiomanicus	Malayan Field Rat	Tikus Belukar (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. LC
44	Rattus argentiventer	Ricefield Rat	Tikus Sawah (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. LC
45	Rattus exulans	Pacific/Polynesian Rat 1.Little Rat	Tikus Kecil (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. LC
46	Chiropodomys gliroides	Indomalayan Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse	Tikus Pohon Buluh 1.Tikus Buluh (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. LC
47	Pithecheir parvus	Malayan Tree Rat	Tikus Pohon Malaya 1.Tikus Merah (mmk)	Not in wca. DD
48	Mus musculus castaneus 1.M. castaneus (mmk)	House Mouse	Tikus Kenit Rumah 1.Mencit Rumah (mmk)	Mus: Tikus Kenit. Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. LC
49	Mus caroli	Ricefield Mouse 1.Ryukyu Mouse (iucn)	Tikus Kenit Sawah 1.Tikus Sawah Terkecil (mybis, mmk)	Only known from Kedah. Not in wca. LC
	*Family: Hystricidae*	Old World Porcupines	Landak
50	Trichys fasciculata	Long-tailed Porcupine	Landak Padi (wca,mmk)	LC. VU (rlm)
51	Atherurus macrourus	Asiatic Brush-tailed Porcupine	Landak Nibong (wca,mmk)	LC. NT (rlm)
52	Hystrix brachyura brachyura	Malayan Porcupine	Landak Raya (wca,mmk)	LC. NT (rlm)
	*Family: Sciuridae*	Tree, Flying & Ground Squirrels	Tupai
	*Subfamily: Ratufinae*		Tupai Kerawak
53	Ratufa affinis affinis	Pale Giant Squirrel	Tupai Kerawak Putih-Kuning (wca,mmk)	Ratufa, Giant Squirrel is Tupai Kerawak. NT. VU (rlm)
54	-Ratufa bicolor angusticeps -R.b. melanopepla -R.b. phaeopepla	Black Giant Squirrel	Tupai Kerawak Hitam (wca,mmk)	NT. NT (rlm)
	*Subfamily: Callosciurinae*		Tupai	Subfamily is ‘true’ Tupai
55	Tamiops mcclellandii leucotis	Himalayan Striped Squirrel	Tupai Bunga (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. LC
56	Dremomys rufigenis belfieldi	Asian Red-cheeked Squirrel	Tupai Pipi-merah 1.Tupai Pipi Merah (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. LC
57	Sundasciurus hippurus hippurus	Horse-tailed Squirrel	Tupai Ekor-kuda 1.Tupai Ekor Kuda (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. NT
58	Sundasciurus tenuis tenuis	Slender Squirrel	Tupai Cerleh (mybis,mmk) 1.Tupai Chelis (mybis)	LC
59 x	Sundasciurus tahan 1. Sundasciurus tenuis tahan (mybis)?	Upland Squirrel	Tupai Gunung	Not in wca, iucn, mybis, mmk. In gbif, inat. NE
60	Sundasciurus lowii robinsoni	Low’s Squirrel	Tupai Ekor-pendek 1.Tupai Ekor Pendek (mybis,mmk)	Shorter tail than S. tenuis. Not in wca. TL: Labuan. LC
61	Rhinosciurus laticaudatus saturatus	Shrew-faced Squirrel 1.Ant-eating Squirrel (gbif)	Tupai Naning (mybis,mmk) 1.Tupai Semut 2.Tupai Naming (mybis)	Not in wca. TL: Pontianak, Kalimantan. Diet: arthropods. NT
62	Lariscus insignis peninsulae	Three-striped Ground Squirrel	Tupai Belang-tiga (mmk) 1.Tupai Belang Tiga (mybis)	Not in wca. LC
63	–[1]Callosciurus prevosti prevosti -C.p. humei -C.p. wrayi	Prevost’s Squirrel	Tupai Gading (wca,mybis,mmk) 1.Tupai Asia Tiga Warna (mybis)	TL: Malacca. LC
64	Callosciurus nigrovittatus bilimitatus	Black-striped Squirrel	Tupai Belang-hitam 1.Tupai Tompok (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. LC
65	Callosciurus notatus miniatus	Plantain Squirrel	Tupai Pinang (mybis,mmk) 1.Tupai Kampung (mybis)	Not in wca. TL: W Java. LC
66	-Callosciurus caniceps adangensis -C.c. concolor	Gray-bellied Squirrel	Tupai Perut-kelabu (mmk) 1.Tupai Perut Kelabu (mybis)	Not in wca. C.c.a: Langkawi. LC
67 x	-Callosciurus erythraeus hyperthrus -C.e. rubeculus	Pallas’s Squirrel	Tupai Bukit	Habitat: Hill forests (gbif). Not in wca. No malay name, mybis. LC
68	-Iomys horsfieldi davisoni -I.h. penangensis	Javanese Flying Squirrel	Tupai Terbang Ekor-merah (mmk) 1.Tupai Terbang Ekor Merah (wca)	Iomys, Hylopetes, Petinomys, Aeromys, Pteromyscus, Petaurista – Flying Squirrels: Tupai Terbang. LC
69	Hylopetes spadiceus spadiceus	Red-cheeked Flying Squirrel	Tupai Terbang Pipi-merah (mmk) 1.Tupai Terbang Pipi Merah (wca)	LC
70	Petaurillus kinlochii	Selangor Pygmy Flying Squirrel	Tupai Terbang Terkecil-selangor 1.Tupai Terbang Terkecil (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. Selangor endemic. DD
71	Petinomys setosus	Temminck’s/White-bellied Flying Squirrel	Tupai Terbang Dada-putih (mmk) 1.Tupai Terbang Dada Putih (wca)	VU
72	Petinomys genibarbis	Whiskered Flying Squirrel	Tupai Terbang Berjambang (wca,mmk)	VU
73	Petinomys vordermanni	Vordermann’s Flying Squirrel	Tupai Terbang Kecil (wca,mmk)	TL: Belitung. VU
74	Aeromys tephromelas tephromelas	Black Flying Squirrel	Tupai Terbang Hitam (wca,mmk)	DD
75	Pteromyscus pulverulentus pulverulentus	Smoky Flying Squirrel	Tupai Terbang Kelabu 1.Tupai Terbang Kotor (wca,mmk)	EN
76	-Petaurista petaurista cicur -P.p. melanota -P.p. penangensis	Red Giant Flying Squirrel	Tupai Terbang Merah (wca,mmk)	LC. NT (rlm)
77	Petaurista marica 1.Petaurista elegans (wca,mybis,mmk,rlm,iucn,gbif,inat)	Indochinese Flying Squirrel 1.Spotted Giant Flying Squirrel (wca,mybis,iucn)	Tupai Terbang Bintang (wca,mybis,mmk)	Not in wca, mybis, iucn, gbif but in inat. DD (rlm for P. elegans) TTB & SGFS for PE. NE
	*VOLUME 2 ICMW*
	*Order: Eulipotyphla*
	*Family: Erinaceidae*	Hedgehogs & Gymnures	Cucurut	Cucurut is Indonesian
	*Subfamily: Galericinae*
78	Echinosorex gymnurus gymnurus (inat) 1.E. gymnura (mybis,iucn,gbif)	Moonrat	Cucurut Ambang-bulan 1.Tikus Ambang Bulan (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. LC
79	-Hylomys suillus maxi -H.s. tionis	Short-tailed Gymnure	Cucurut Ekor-pendek 1.Salak Ba’a (mybis) 2.Tikus Babi (mybis,mmk)	Hylomys: ‘True’ cucurut. No Malay name in wca. LC
	*Family: Soricidae*	Shrews	Cencurut
	*Subfamily: Crocidurinae*
80	Suncus etruscus	Etruscan Shrew 1.Pygmy White-toothed Shrew (iucn,inat) 1.Common Dwarf Shrew (gbif)	Cencurut Terkecil (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. LC
81 x	Suncus malayanus	Malayan Pygmy Shrew	Cencurut Kenit	Not in wca, mmk. No Malay name, mybis. LC
82	Suncus murinus	Asian House Shrew	Cencurut Rumah (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. LC
83 x	Crocidura malayana	Malayan White-toothed Shrew	Cencurut Malaya 1.Tikus Pahit (mybis)	LC
84 x	Crocidura negligens	Peninsular White-toothed Shrew	Cencurut Semenanjung	No Malay name, mybis. In islands of PM. LC
85	Crocidura fuliginosa	Southeast Asian White-toothed Shrew	Cencurut Asia-tenggara 1.Cencurut Hutan Asia (mybis,mmk)	Range is Southeast Asia. LC
86	Crossogale hantu 1.Chimarrogale hantu (mybis,mmk,iucn)	Malayan Water Shrew	Cencurut Air (mmk)	Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. NT
	*Family: Talpidae*	Moles, Star-nosed Moles & Shrew moles	Penusuk
	*Subfamily: Talpinae*
87	Euroscaptor malayanus 1.E. micrura (wca,mybis,mmk)	Malaysian Mole	Penusuk 1.Cencurut Hutan (mmk, for E. micrura)	Not in wca, mybis, iucn but in gbif, inat. For gbif, inat, E. micrura not in PM. No Malay name for E. micrura in wca, mybis. Cameron Highlands only. NE
	*Order: Chiroptera*
	*Family: Pteropodidae*	Old World Fruit Bats	Cecadu & Keluang
	*Subfamily: Cynopterinae*		Cecadu
88	Megaerops ecaudatus	Temminck’s Tailless Fruit Bat	Cecadu Tiada-ekor 1.Cecadu Tiada Ekor (mybis) 2.Cecadu Tidak-berekor (mmk)	Fruit Bat: Cecadu. Not in wca . TL: Padang, Sumatra. LC
89 x	Megaerops albicollis 1.M. wetmorei (mybis,iucn)	White-collared Fruit Bat	Cecadu Tengkuk-putih 1.Cecadu Tengkuk Putih (mybis)	Not in wca, mmk. Both MA and MW in gbif. Inat put MW as Ptenochirus wetmorei but in Philippines. NE
90	Cynopterus sphinx	Greater Short-nosed Fruit Bat	Cecadu Pisang Besar 1.Cecadu Pisang Sphinx (mybis) 2.Cecadu Siam (mmk)	Cynopterus: Cecadu Pisang. Not in wca. LC
91	-Cynopterus brachyotis brachyotis -C.b. altitudinis	Lesser Short-nosed Fruit Bat	Cecadu Pisang Kecil 1.Cecadu Pisang (mybis,mmk)	C.b.a: Cameron Highlands. C.b.b: islands only? Not in wca. LC
92	Cynopterus horsfieldii	Horsfield’s Short-nosed Fruit Bat	Cecadu Pisang Jawa 1.Cecadu Pisang Besar (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. C. sphinx bigger than C. horsfieldii (mmk). TL: Java. LC
93	Dyacopterus spadiceus	Common Dayak Fruit Bat	Cecadu Dayak (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. NT. NT (rlm)
94	Balionycteris seimundi 1.B. maculata (mmk), from B.s.maculata(iucn)	Malayan Spotted-winged Bat	Cecadu Sayap-bertitik (mmk) 1.Cecadu Sayap Berbintik Malaya (mybis)	Not in wca. NE
95	Aethalops alecto alecto	Common Pygmy Fruit Bat	Cecadu Bukit (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. LC
96	Chironax melanocephalus melanocephalus	Sundaic Black-capped Fruit Bat	Cecadu Kepala-hitam (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. LC
97	Penthetor lucasi suyantoi	Lucas’s Short-nosed Fruit Bat	Cecadu Hitam-pudar (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. TL: Sarawak. LC
98	Eonycteris spelaea spelaea	Lesser Dawn Bat	Cecadu Gua (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. LC
99	Rousettus amplexicaudatus amplexicaudatus	Geoffrey’s Roussette	Cecadu Besar Selangor 1.Cecadu Besar (mybis,mmk)	Rosettus is Cecadu Besar. Selangor, first record PM (gbif, by coordinates). Not in wca. TL: Timor. LC
+	Rousettus leschenaultii (mybis,mmk,iucn,gbif,inat). Iucn map does not indicate presence but text does.	Leschenault’s Rousette	Cecadu Besar Perlis 1.Cecadu Besar Leschenault (mybis)	icmw does not include RL in PM. Wang Klian (gbif). Not in wca. NT. EN (rlm)
	*Subfamily: Macroglossusinae*		Cecadu Madu & Keluang
100	Macroglossus minimus lagochilus	Lesser Long-tongued Blossom Bat 1.Dagger-toothed Long-nosed Fruit Bat (iucn) 2.Lesser Long-tongued Fruit Bat (inat)	Cecadu Madu Bakau (mybis,mmk) 1. Cecadu Madu Kecil (mybis)	Macroglossus, Blossom Bat is Cecadu Madu. Found in mangroves. Not in wca. LC
101	Macroglossus sobrinus sobrinus	Greater Long-tongued Blossom Bat 1.Hill Long-tongued Fruit Bat (iucn) 2.Greater long-tongued fruit bat (inat)	Cecadu Madu Bukit (mybis, mmk) 1.Cecadu Madu Besar (mybis)	Not in wca. LC
102	-Pteropus hypomelanus fretensis -P.h. geminorum -P.h. lepidus -P.h. robinsoni	Island Flying Fox	Keluang Kecil (wca,mmk) 1.Cecadu Keluang Kecil	Pteropus, flying fox is Keluang. P.h.f (Jarak ), P.h.g (Langkawi), P.h.l (Tioman & Aur), P.h.r (Rumbia). NT. EN (rlm)
103	Pteropus vampyrus sumatrensis	Large Flying Fox	Keluang (wca) 1.Cecadu Keluang 2.Keluang Besar (mmk)	NT. EN (rlm)
	*Family: Megadermatidae*	False-vampire Bats	Kelawarbuas
104	-Megaderma spasma abditum -M.s. medium	Lesser Asian False-vampire	Kelawarbuas Kecil 1.Kelawar Telinga-lebar (mybis,mmk)	M.s.a (Aur), M.s.m (Peninsula). Not in wca. LC
105	Lyroderma lyra sinensis 1.Megaderma lyra (mmk)	Greater Asian False-vampire	Kelawarbuas Besar 1.Kelawar Buas (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. LC
	*Family: Hipposideridae*	Old World Leaf-nosed Bats	Kelawardaun
106	Coelops frithii	East Asian Tailless Leaf-nosed Bat	Kelawardaun Tiada-ekor 1.Kelawar Ladam Tidak-berekor (mybis,mmk)	Leaf-nosed Bat is Kelawardaun. Not in wca. LC. EN (rlm)
107	Coelops robinsoni	Malayan Tailless Leaf-nosed Bat	Kelawardaun Tiada-ekor Malaya 1.Kelawar Ladam Tidak-berekor Malaya (mybis, mmk)	Not in wca. VU
108	Hipposideros larvatus	Horsfield’s Leaf-nosed Bat	Kelawardaun Besar 1.Kelawar Ladam-bulat Besar (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. TL: Madura. LC
109	Hipposideros lylei	Shield-faced Leaf-nosed Bat	Kelawardaun Perisai 1.Kelawar Muncung Perisai (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. LC
110	Hipposideros diadema	Diadem Leaf-nosed Bat	Kelawardaun Bahu-putih 1.Kelawar Ladam Bulat Terbesar (mybis) 2.Kelawar Bahu Putih (mybis, mmk)	Not in wca. LC
111	Hipposideros lekaguli	Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bat	Kelawardaun Asia 1.Kelawar Ladam Bulat Asia (mybis) 2.Kelawar Ladam-bulat Lekagul (mmk)	Not in wca. NT. EN (rlm)
112	Hipposideros cervinus labuanensis	Fawn-colored Leaf-nosed Bat	Kelawardaun Gua 1.Kelawar Ladam-bulat Gua (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. LC
113	Hipposideros galeritus galeritus	Cantor’s Leaf-nosed Bat	Kelawardaun Pulau-pinang 1.Kelawar Ladam-bulat Pinang (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. TL: Penang. LC
114	Hipposideros ater saevus	Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat	Kelawardaun Senja 1.Kelawar Ladam Hitam Pudar (mybis) 2.Kelawar Ladam-bulat Senja (mmk)	Not in wca. LC
115	Hipposideros bicolor atrox	Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat	Kelawardaun Biasa 1.Kelawar Ladam-bulat Biasa (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. LC
116	Hipposideros cineraceus cineraceus	Least Leaf-nosed Bat	Kelawardaun Terkecil 1.Kelawar Ladam Bulat Terkecil (mybis) 2.Kelawar Ladam-bulat (mmk)	Not in wca. LC
117	Hipposideros doriae	Bornean Leaf-nosed Bat	Kelawardaun Lawas 1.Kelawar Ladam-bulat Lawas (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. NT
118	Hipposideros dyacorum	Dayak Leaf-nosed Bat	Kelawardaun Dayak 1.Kelawar Ladam-bulat Dayak (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. LC. EN (rlm)
119	Hipposideros gentilis gentilis	Anderson’s Leaf-nosed Bat	Kelawardaun Myanmar 1.Kelawar Ladam Andersen (mybis)	Not in wca. TL: Myanmar. NE
120	Hipposideros halophyllus	Thailand Leaf-nosed Bat	Kelawardaun Thailand 1.Kelawar Ladam Bulat Thailand (mybis)	Not in wca. Perlis only. VU
121	Hipposideros kunzi	Kunz’s Leaf-nosed Bat	Kelawardaun Pahang	Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. TL: Krau. NE
122	Hipposideros orbiculus	Orbiculus Leaf-nosed Bat	Kelawardaun Sumatra 1.Kelawar Ladam Bulat Bercakera Kecil (mybis) 3.Kelawar Ladam-bulat Orbiculus (mmk)	Not in wca. TL: Kota Baru, Sumatra. VU
123	Hipposideros ridleyi	Ridley’s Leaf-nosed Bat	Kelawardaun Singapura 1.Kelawar Ladam-bulat Singapura (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. TL: Singapore. VU
124	Hipposideros armiger armiger	Great Himalayan Leaf-nosed Bat	Kelawardaun Terbesar 1.Kelawar Ladam-bulat Terbesar (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. LC
125	Hipposideros nequam	Malayan Leaf-nosed Bat	Kelawardaun Malaya Kelawar Ladam-bulat Malaya (mmk)	Not in wca. Only recorded from Kelang, Selangor. DD
	*Family: Rhinolophidae*	Horseshoe Bats	Kelawarladam
126	Rhinolophus macrotis	Big-eared Horseshoe Bat	Kelawarladam Telinga-panjang 1.Kelawar Ladam Telinga-panjang (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. LC
127	Rhinolophus marshalli	Marshall’s Horseshoe Bat	Kelawarladam Siam 1.Kelawar Ladam Marshall (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. TL: Chantaburi, Thailand. LC
128	-Rhinolophus robinsoni robinsoni -R.r. klossi	Robinson’s/Peninsular Horseshoe Bat	Kelawarladam Semenanjung 1.Kelawar Ladam Semenanjung (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. TL: Surat Thani. NT
129	Rhinolophus borneensis	Bornean Horseshoe Bat	Kelawarladam Borneo 1.Kelawar Ladam Borneo (mybis, mmk)	Not in wca. NW PM. TL: Labuan. LC
130	Rhinolophus malayanus	Malayan Horseshoe Bat	Kelawarladam Utara 1.Kelawar Ladam Utara (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. N PM. LC
131	Rhinolophus acuminatus	Acuminate Horseshoe Bat	Kelawarladam Kenarong 1.Kelawar Ladam Kenarong (mybis, mmk)	Not in wca. Kenarong, Terengganu. TL: Java. LC
132	Rhinolophus pusillus lakkhanae	Least Horseshoe Bat	Kelawarladam Terkecil 1.Kelawar Ladam Terkecil (mybis, mmk)	Not in wca. TL: Java. LC
133	Rhinolophus convexus	Convex Horseshoe Bat	Kelawarladam Tanah-rata 1.Kelawar Ladam Convex (mmk)	Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. TL: Tanah Rata. DD. EN (rlm)
134	Rhinolophus refulgens refulgens	Glossy Horseshoe Bat	Kelawarladam Bulu-kilat 1.Kelawar Ladam Bulu Kilat (mybis)	Not in wca, mmk. NE
135	Rhinolophus coelophyllus	Croslet Horseshoe Bat	Kelawarladam Berpalang 1.Kelawar Ladam Berpalang (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. TL: Salween, Myanmar. N PM. LC
136	Rhinolophus affinis affinis	Intermediate Horseshoe Bat	Kelawarladam Hutan 1.Kelawar Ladam Hutan (mybis, mmk)	Not in wca. LC
137	Rhinolophus stheno	Lesser Brown Horseshoe Bat	Kelawarladam Bukit 1.Kelawar Ladam Bukit (mybis, mmk)	Not in wca. LC
138	Rhinolophus sedulus	Lesser Wooly Horseshoe Bat	Kelawarladam Bulu-halus 1.Kelawar Ladam Bulu-halus (mmk)	Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. TL: Sarawak. NT
139	Rhinolophus morio 1.R. luctus (iucn)?	Malaysian Wooly Horseshoe Bat	Kelawarladam Malaysia 1.Kelawar Ladam Mario (mybis)	Not in wca, mmk, iucn, inat. NE
140	Rhinolophus luctoides	Selangor Wooly Horseshoe Bat	Kelawarladam Selangor	Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. NE
141	Rhinolophus chiewkweeae	Chiew Kwee’s Horseshoe Bat	Kelawarladam Johor 1.Kelawar Ladam Chiew Kwee (mybis)	Not in wca. Endemic? TL: Ledang. DD. VU (rlm)
142	Rhinolophus trifoliatus edax	Trefoil Horseshoe Bat	Kelawarladam Muka-kuning 1.Kelawar Ladam Muka-kuning (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. Trefoil of pea family? NT
+	Rhinolophus lepidus	Blyth’s Horseshoe Bat 1.Glossy Horseshoe Bat (mybis)	Kelawarladam Perlis 1.Kelawar Ladam Bulu Kilat (mybis,mmk)	icmw does not include RL in PM but mybis, mmk, iucn, gbif, inat do. First record PM, Perlis. Not in wca. LC
	*Family: Emballonuridae*	Sheath-tailed Bats	Kelawarsarong
	*Subfamily: Taphozoninae*
143	Taphozous longimanus	Long-winged Sheath-tailed Bat	Kelawarsarong Kepak-panjang 1.Kelawar Kepak-panjang (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. LC
144 ??	Taphozous melanopogon	Black-bearded Tomb Bat	Kelawarsarong Dagu-hitam 1.Kelawar Dagu-hitam (mybis, mmk)	Not in wca. LC
145	Saccolaimus saccolaimus crassus 1.Taphozous saccolaimus (mmk)	Bare-rumped Sheath-tailed Bat	Kelawarsarong Dada-putih 1.Kelawar Dada-putih (mybis, mmk)	Not in wca. LC
	*Subfamily: Emballonurinae*
146	Emballonura monticola	Lesser Sheath-tailed Bat	Kelawarsarong Teng-teng 1.Kelawar Teng Teng (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. LC
	*Family: Nycteridae*	Slit-faced Bats	Kelawarlekok
147	Nycteris tragata	Malaysian Slit-faced Bat	Kelawarlekok 1.Kelawar Muka-lekok (mybis, mmk)	Not in wca. NT
	*Family: Molossidae*	Free-tailed Bats	Kelawarkelasar
	*Subfamily: Molossinae*
148	Cheiromeles torquatus torquatus	Greater Naked Bat 1.Hairless Bat (mmk)	Kelawarkelasar Besar 1.Batin Kelasar (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. LC
149	Chaerephon johorensis 1.Tadarida johorensis (mmk)	Lesser Northern Free-tailed Bat 1.Dato Meldrum’s Bat (mybis,mmk)	Kelawarkelasar Johor 1.Kelasar Johor (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. VU
150	Chaerophon plicatus 1.Tadarida plicata (mmk)	Wrinkle-lipped Free-tailed Bat	Kelawarkelasar Rumah 1.Kelasar Rumah (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. LC
151	Mops mops	Malayan Free-tailed Bat	Kelawarkelasar Lubang-kayu 1.Kelasar Lubang-kayu (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. NT
	*Family: Miniopteridae*	Long-fingered Bats	Kelawarpanjang
152 x	Miniopterus magnater	Large Long-fingered Bat	Kelawarpanjang Besar 1.Kelawar Jari Panjang Besar (mybis)	Not in wca. LC
153 x	Miniopterus pusillus	Small Long-fingered Bat	Kelawarpanjang Kecil 1.Kelawar Jari-panjang Kecil (mybis)	Not in wca. LC
154	Miniopterus medius	Intermediate Long-fingered Bat	Kelawarpanjang Tengahan 1.Kelawar Jari-panjang Kecil (mmk)	Not in wca. LC
155	Miniopterus blepotis (gbif,inat) 1.M. schreibersii blepotis (gbif,mybis,mmk)	Javanese Long-fingered Bat	Kelawarpanjang Bukit 1.Kelawar Jari-panjang Bukit (mybis,mmk )	Not in wca. KJPB for MS. NE
	*Family: Vespertilionidae*	Vesper Bats	Kelawar	Vesper=Evening or Common bats i.e., ‘True’ bats
	*Subfamily: Vespertilioninae*
156	Glischropus tylopus	Common Thick-thumbed Bat 1. Sunda Thick-thumbed Pipistrelle (mybis)	Kelawar Kenit Sunda 1.Kelawar Tapak-tangan-putih (mybis,mmk)	Pipistrelle: Kelawar Kenit. Not in wca. Range: Sunda. LC
157	Pipistrellus javanicus javanicus	Javan Pipistrelle	Kelawar Kenit Jawa 1.Kelawar Hidung-pendek Jawa (mybis, mmk)	Not in wca. LC
158	Pipistrellus tenuis portensis	Least Pipistrelle	Kelawar Kenit Terkecil Kelawar Hidung-pendek Terkecil (mybis,mmk)	Pipistrelle is Kelawar Kenit. Not in wca. LC
159	Pipistrellus stenopterus	Narrow-winged Pipistrelle	Kelawar Kenit Sayap-tirus 1.Kelawar Malam Kecil (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. LC
160	Tylonycteris fulvida fulvida 1.T. pachypus (mmk,iucn, etc, see below)	Indomalayan Lesser Bamboo Bat	Kelawar Buluh Tanah-Besar 1.Kelawar Buluh Kecil Tanah Besar (mybis)	Tylonycteris, Bamboo Rat is Kelawar Buluh. Not in wca. NE
161	Tylonycteris malayana malayana 1.T. robustula (mmk)	Malayan Greater Bamboo Bat	Kelawar Buluh Besar (mmk, for T. robustula)	Not in wca. NE
+	Tylonycteris pachypus. For icmw, T.pachypus splits into T. fulvida (above)	Sunda Lesser Bamboo Bat (mybis)	Kelawar Buluh Kecil (mybis, mmk for T. pachypus)	TP not in PM for icmw and inat but in for mybis, mmk, iucn, gbif. Not in wca. LC
162	Philetor brachypterus	Rohu’s Bat/Short-winged Pipistrelle	Kelawar Kenit Telinga-pendek 1.Kelawar Telinga-pendek (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. LC
163	Hypsugo macrotis 1.Pipistrellus macrotis (mmk)	Big-eared Pipistrelle	Kelawar Kenit Telinga-besar 1.Kelawar Telinga Besar (mybis)	W PM. Not in wca. DD
164	Arielulus circumdatus	-Bronze Sprite -Black-gilded Pipistrelle	Kelawar Kenit Hitam-kuning 1.Kelawar Hitam Kuning (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. Fraser’s Hill only. LC
165	Arielulus societatis	Social Sprite 1.Benom Pipistrelle (mmk)	Kelawar Kenit Benom 1.Kelawar Benom (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. LC
166	Hesperoptenus doriae	-Doria’s False Serotine -False Serotine Bat	Kelawar Petang Sederhana 1.Kelawar Petang Palsu Sederhana (mybis,mmk)	Hesperoptenus, False Serotine is Kelawar Petang. Not in wca. TL: Sarawak. DD. EN (rlm)
167	Hesperoptenus blanfordi	-Blanford’s False Serotine -Least False Serotine	Kelawar Petang Kecil 1.Kelawar Petang Palsu Kecil (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. LC
168	Hesperoptenus tomesi	Large False Serotine	Kelawar Petang Besar 1.Kelawar Petang Palsu (mybis, mmk)	Not in wca. VU
169	Scotophilus kuhlii	Lesser Asiatic Yellow Bat 1. Lesser Asiatic Yellow House Bat (iucn)	Kelawar Kuning Rumah 1.Kelawar Rumah (mybis,mmk)	Scotophilus, Yellow Bat is Kelawar Kuning. Not in wca. LC
	*Subfamily: Kerivoulinae*
170	Phoniscus atrox	Groove-toothed Trumpet-eared Bat	Kelawar Telinga-putih Terengganu 1.Kelawar Telinga Putih (wiki-m) 2.Kelawar Putih-Di Telinga (mybis, mmk)	Phoniscus: Kelawar Telinga-putih. Terengganu, first record PM in gbif. Not in wca. NT. VU (rlm)
171 x	Phoniscus jagorii	– Peter’s Trumpet-eared Bat – Common Trumpet-eared Bat	Kelawar Telinga-putih Pulau-pinang 1.Kelawar Putih Ditelinga Jagor (mybis)	Penang, first record PM in gbif. Not in wca. LC. VU (rlm)
172	Kerivoula hardwickii	-Hardwick’s Wooly Bat -Common Wooly Bat	Kelawar Hutan Biasa 1.Kelawar Hutan (mybis,mmk)	Kerivoula is Kelawar Hutan. Not in wca. LC
173 x	Kerivoula krauensis	Krau Wooly Bat	Kelawar Hutan Krau	No Malay name, mybis. Not in wca. NT
174	Kerivoula minuta	Least Wooly Bat	Kelawar Hutan Terkecil (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. NT
175	Kerivoula intermedia	Small Wooly Bat	Kelawar Hutan Kecil (mybis, mmk)	Not in wca. NT
176	Kerivoula papillosa	Papillose Wooly Bat	Kelawar Hutan Besar (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. TL: Java. LC
177 X	Kerivoula lenis	Lenis Wooly Bat	Kelawar Hutan Johor (mybis)	Recorded Endau-Rompin, Johor in gbif. Not in wca. TL: Kolkata. LC
178	Kerivoula pellucida	Clear-winged Wooly Bat	Kelawar Hutan Kepak-jernih 1.Kelawar Kepak Jernih (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. NT
179	Kerivoula picta	Painted Wooly Bat	Kelawar Hutan Kupu-kupu 1.Kelawar Kupu-kupu (mybis, mmk)	Not in wca. NT
180	Kerivoula whiteheadi bicolor	Whitehead’s Wooly Bat	Kelawar Hutan Berbulu 1.Kelawar Bercat/Berbulu (mmk) 2.Kelawar Whitehead (mybis)	KW in Central PM. Not in iucn, gbif. Not in wca. TL: Luzon. LC
	*Subfamily: Murininae*	Tube-nosed bats	Kelawar Laras
181 x	Harpiocephalus harpia harpia	Hairy-winged Bat	Kelawar Laras Kepak-berbulu 1.Kelawar Kepak Berbulu (mybis)	Not in wca, mmk. LC
182	Murina huttonii rubella	-Hutton’s Tube-nosed Bat -White-bellied Tube-nosed Bat	Kelawar Laras Bukit 1.Kelawar Hidung-laras Bukit (mybis, mmk)	Not in wca. LC
183	Murina suilla suilla	Brown or Lesser Tube-nosed Bat	Kelawar Laras Kecil 1.Kelawar Hidung-laras Kecil (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. LC
184	Murina aenea	Bronze Tube-nosed Bat	Kelawar Laras Bulu-emas 1.Kelawar Hidung Bulu-emas (mmk) 2,Kelawar Hidung Laras Gangsa mybis)	Not in wca. VU
185	Murina peninsularis 1.M. cyclotis (mmk, previously. See icmw p.260 vol 2)	Peninsular Tube-nosed Bat	Kelawar Laras Semenanjung 1.Kelawar Hidung Laras Semenanjung (mybis)	Not in wca. Not in iucn but in gbif. No observations, inat. TL: Ulu Chemperoh, Janda Baik. NE
186 x	Murina rozendaali	Gilded Tube-nosed Bat	Kelawar Laras Emas 1.Kelawar Hidung Laras Emas (mybis)	Not in wca, mmk. TL: Sabah. VU
187 x	Murina Balaensis	Bala Tube-nosed Bat	Kelawar Laras Hala-bala 1.Kelawar Hidung Laras Hala-bala (mybis)	Hala-bala: Southern Thailand. Not in wca, mmk. CR
	*Subfamily: Myotinae*	Myotis	Kelawar Tikus	Myotis = Mouse-eared
188	Myotis hermani	-Herman’s Myotis -Herman’s Bat	Kelawar Tikus Badan-merah 1.Kelawar Badan-merah (mmk)	Belum-Temonggor. TL: Sumatra. Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. DD. VU (rlm)
189 x	Myotis ater nugax	-Peter’s Myotis -Small Black Myotis	Kelawar Tikus Hitam 1.Kelawar Hitam (mybis) 2.Kelawar Kumis Hitam (mybis)	Not in wca, mmk. LC
190	Myotis muricola	-Nepalese Whiskered Myotis -N.W. Bat	Kelawar Tikus Daun-pisang 1. Kelawar Kumis Asia (mybis) 1.Kelawar Kumis Daun-pisang (mmk)	Not in wca. LC
191	Myotis federatus 1.M. montivagus (mmk, previously)	Malayan Whiskered Myotis	Kelawar Tikus Malaya 1.Kelawar Kumis Malaya (mybis)	Not in wca. DD
192	Myotis siligorensis	Himalayan Whiskered Myotis 1.Small-toothed myotis (gbif, vernacular name. Also, above name)	Kelawar Tikus Gigi-kecil 1.Kelawar Kumis Gigi Kecil (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. LC
193	Myotis ridleyi	-Ridley’s Myotis -R. Bat	Kelawar Tikus Kecil 1. Kelawar Tikus Telinga Kecil (mybis) 2.Kelawar Kecil (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. NT
194	Myotis horsfieldii horsfieldii	Horsfield’s Myotis	Kelawar Tikus Lobang-batu 1.Kelawar Lobang-batu (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca. TL: Java. LC
195	Myotis hasseltii hasseltii	Lesser Large-footed Myotis	Kelawar Tikus Bakau 1.Kelawar Bakau (mybis,mmk	Habitat: mangroves, among others. Not in wca. LC
	*Order Cetartiodactyla*			All whales and dolphins, except for Irrawady Dolphin, are not in mmk.
	*Family: Balaenopteridae*	Rorquals (Whales)	Paus	‘True’ Paus
196	Megaptera novaeangliae	Humpback Whale	Paus Kelasa (wiki-m)	Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. LC
197	Balaenoptera acutorostra	Common Minke Whale	Paus Kecil	Second smallest whale, to dwarf right whale. Balaenoptera not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. LC
198	Balaenoptera borealis	Sei Whale	Paus Sardin 1.Paus Sei (wiki-m)	Sei is pollock in Norwegian. In Japanese, it is Sardine Whale. No Malay name, mybis. EN
199	Balaenoptera edini	Bryde’s Whale	Paus Luulumbo 1.Paus Bryde (wiki-m)	Luulumbo (Kadazan – mybis). LC
200	Balaenoptera musculus	Blue Whale	Paus Biru (wiki-m)	No Malay name, mybis. EN
201	Balaenoptera omurai	Omura Whale	Paus Jepun	TL: Sea of Japan. No Malay name, mybis. DD
202	Balaenoptera physalus	Fin Whale	Paus Besar	Second biggest whale, to Blue whale. No Malay name, mybis. VU
	*Family: Physeteridae*		Paussperma
203	Physeter macrocephalus	Sperm Whale	Paussperma 1.Paus sperma (wiki-m)	Sperm, from spermaceti (sperm oil). Only species. Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. VU
	*Family: Kogiidae*	Pygmy and Dwarf Sperm Whales	Pausnayan
204	Kogia breviceps	Pygmy Sperm Whale	Pausnayan Kenit 1.Paus Nayan (wiki-m)	Kogia not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. LC
205	Kogia sima	Dwarf Sperm Whale	Pausnayan Kerdil	No Malay name, mybis. LC
	*Family: Ziphiidae*	Beaked Whales	Pausparuh
206	Ziphius cavirostris	Cuvier’s Beaked Whale	Pausparuh Paruh-pendek	Shorter beaked. Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. LC
207	Indopacetus pacificus	Longman’s or Indo-pacific Beaked Whale	Pausparuh Indopasifik	not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. DD
208	Mesoplodon ginkgodens	Gingkgo-toothed Beaked Whale	Pausparuh Jepun	Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. TL: Japan. DD
209	Mesoplodon densirostris	Blainville’s Beaked Whale	Pausparuh Brunei	Nearest recorded to PM, Brunei (gbif). TL: unknown. Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. DD
	*Family: Delphinidae*	Ocean Dolphins	Lumba-lumba	Two groups: non-beaked (whale-like) or beaked (‘True’ Lumba-lumba)
210	Orcinus orca	Killer Whale or Orca	Lumba-lumba Paus Buding 1.Paus buding (wiki-m)	Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. DD
211	Orcaella brevirostris	Irrawady or Ridge-backed Dolphin	Lumba-lumba Paus Sungai 1.Lumba-lumba Paus Empesut (mybis-Sabah) 2.Lumba-lumba Sungai (MMK)	Not in wca. EN. Only dolphin in MMK
212	Steno bredanensis	Rough-toothed Dolphin	Lumba-lumba Selat-melaka	Only sighting PM, Straits of Malacca (gbif). Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. LC
213	Grampus griseus	Risso’s or Grey Dolphin	Lumba-lumba Paus Kelabu 1.Lumba-lumba Risso (wiki-m)	Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. LC
214	Pseudorca crassidens	False Killer Whale	Lumba-lumba Paus Hitam 1.Paus Hitam (wiki-m)	Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. NT
215	Feresa attenuata	Pygmy Killer Whale	Lumba-lumba Paus Kenit	Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. LC
216	Peponocephala electra	Melon-headed Whale	Lumba-lumba Paus Sarawak 1.Paus Kepala Semangka (wiki-m)	Sighting nearest PM, Sarawak (gbif). Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. LC
217	Globicephala macrorhynchus	Pacific Pilot Whale	Lumba-lumba Paus Pasifik	Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. LC
218	Sousa chinensis	Indo-pacific Humpbacked Dolphin	Lumba-lumba Putih (mybis)	Not in wca. VU
219	Tursiops truncatus	Common Bottlenose Dolphin	Lumba-lumba Lazim	First sighting Malaysia, Perak (gbif).Bottlenose from old style gin bottle. Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis.LC
220	Tursiops aduncus	Indo-pacific Bottlenose Dolphin	Lumba-lumba Indopasifik	Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. DD
221	Stenella attenuata	Pantropical Spotted Dolphin	Lumba-lumba Bintik	Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. LC
222	Stenella coeruleoalba	Striped Dolphin	Lumba-lumba Belang	not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. LC
223	Stenella longirostris	Long-beaked Dolphin	Lumba-lumba Paruh-panjang	not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. LC
224	Delphinus delphis	Common Dolphin	Lumba-lumba	Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. Mybis list D. capensis but not by icmw, iucn, gbif or inat. LC
225	Lagenodelphis hosei	Fraser’s Dolphin 1.Bornean Dolphin (gbif)	Lumba-lumba Borneo	Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. LC
	*Family: Phocoenidae*	Porpoises	Gondal (wiki-m)
226	Neophocaena phocaenoides	Indo-pacific Finless Porpoise	Gondal	Not in wca. No Malay name, mybis. VU
	*Family Tragulidae*	Chevrotains	Kancil & Napuh
227	[2]Tragulus kanchil fulviventer 1.T. javanicus (mmk, found in Java)	Lesser Indo-malayan Chevrotain 1.Lesser Mousedeer (mybis,mmk for T.javanicus)	Kancil/Pelanduk (mmk for T. javanicus)	Not in wca. LC. LC (rlm)
228	-Tragulus napu napu -T.n. rufulus	Greater Indo-malayan Chevrotain 1.Greater Mousedeer (mybis) 2.Large Mouse-deer (mmk)	Napuh (wca,mybis,mmk) 1.Pelanduk (mybis)	T.n.n: Peninsular. T.n.r: Tioman. LC. NT (rlm)
	*Family: Cervidae*	Deer	Kijang & Rusa
	*Subfamily: Cervinae*
229	Muntiacus muntjak muntjak	Southern Red Muntjac 1.Kijang (mmk)	Kijang (wca,mybis,mmk)	LC. NT (rlm)
230	[3]Rusa unicolor cambojensis	Sambar 1.Sambar Deer (mmk)	Rusa Sambar (wca,mybis) 1.Rusa (mybis,mmk)	VU. EN (rlm)
	*Family: Bovidae*	Hollow-horned Ruminants
	*Subfamily: Bovinae*
231	Bos gaurus laosiensis	Gaur	Seladang (wca,mybis,mmk)	VU. VU (rlm)
232	Bos javanicus birmanicus	Banteng	Banteng (wca,mybis,mmk) 1.Sapi Hutan (mybis)	N PM. EN. CR (rlm)
—	Bubalus arnee	Wild Water Buffalo	Kerbau Liar Asia (mybis)	EX in PM (iucn). Not recorded PM by icmw, gbif, inat, mmk, rlm but in mybis. No Malay name, wca. EN
—	Bubalus bubalis	Domesticated water buffalo	Kerbau	Domesticated, not in icmw or iucn but in mybis. No Malay name, mybis. Not in wca.
233	Capricornis sumatraensis	Sumatran Serow 1.Serow (mmk)	Kambing Gurun (wca,mybis,mmk) 1.Kambing-hutan (Indonesian)	VU. NT (rlm)
	*Family: Suidae*	Pigs	Babi
234	Sus barbatus oi	Bearded Pig (mmk)	Babi Bodoh (wca,mybis) 1.Babi Jakut (mybis,mmk)	VU. NT (rlm)
235	Sus scrofa vittatus	Eurasian Wild Pig	Babi Hutan (mybis,mmk)	Not in wca, rlm. LC
	*Order: Perissodactyla*	Horses and relatives
	*Family: Tapiridae*	Tapirs	Cipan
236	Acrocodia indicus 1.Tapirus indicus (wca,mybis,iucn,gbif,inat) 2.Acrocodia indica (gbif)	Malayan Tapir	Cipan (wca,mybis,mmk)	EN. EN (rlm)
	*Family: Rhinocerotidae*	Rhinoceros	Badak
	*Subfamily: Dicerotinae*
237	Dicerorhinus sumatrensis	Sumatran Rhinoceros	Badak Sumatra (wca,mybis) 1.Badak Kerbau (mmk)	EX in PM. CR. CR (rlm)
	*Order: Pholidota*
	*Family: Manidae*	Pangolins	Tenggiling
238	Manis javanicus	Sunda or Malayan Pangolin	Tenggiling (wca,mybis,mmk)	CR. CR (rlm)
	*Order: Carnivora*
	*Family: Prionodontidae*	Linsangs	Linsang
239	Prionodon linsang linsang	Banded Linsang	Linsang (wca,mybis,mmk)	LC. NT (rlm)
	*Family: Felidae*	Cats	Harimau & Kucing
	*Subfamily: Pantherinae*		Harimau
240	Panthera pardus delacouri	Leopard	Harimau Kumbang/Bintang (wca,mybis,mmk)	VU. EN (rlm)
241	Panthera tigris tigris	Tiger	Harimau Belang (wca,mybis,mmk)	P.t.jacksoni for PM not recognised by icmw. EN. CR (rlm)
242	Neofelis nebulosa	Indochinese Clouded Leopard	Harimau Dahan (wca,mybis,mmk)	VU. NT (rlm)
	*Subfamily: Felinae*		Kucing
243	Pardofelis marmorata marmorata	Marbled Cat	Kucing Dahan (wca,mybis,mmk)	NT. LC (rlm)
244	Catopuma temminckii temminckii	Asian Golden Cat	Kucing Tulap (wca,mybis,mmk)	NT. NT (rlm)
245	Prionailurus planiceps	Flat-headed Cat	Kucing Hutan (wca,mybis,mmk)	EN. DD (rlm)
246 x	Prionailurus viverrinus viverrinus	Fishing Cat	Kucing Ikan (mybis)	No Malay name, wca. Not in rlm. Not in PM for iucn, gbif, inat. VU
247	Prionailurus bengalensis bengalensis	Common Leopard Cat	Kucing Batu (wca,mybis,mmk)	LC. NT (rlm)
	*Family: Viverridae*	Civets, Gerets & Oyans	Musang
	*Subfamily: Viverrinae*
248	Viverricula indica rasse	Small Indian Civet 1.Little Civet (mmk)	Musang Bulan (mybis,mmk)	No Malay name, wca. LC. NT (rlm)
249	-Viverra tangalunya tangalunya -V.t. lankavensis (Langkawi)	Malay Civet	Musang Tenggalung (wca,mybis,mmk)	LC. LC (rlm)
250	Viverra zibetha sigillata	Large Indian Civet	Musang Jebat (wca,mybis,mmk)	LC. DD (rlm)
251	Viverra megaspila	Large Spotted Civet	Musang Titik-besar 1. Musang Titik Besar (wca,mybis,mmk) 2. Musang Tompok-besar	EN. NT (rlm)
	*Subfamily: Paradoxurinae*
252	Arctogalidia trivirgata trivirgata	Small-toothed Palm Civet	Musang Akar (wca,mmk)	LC. LC (rlm)
253	Arctictis binturong	Binturong 1.Bear Cat (mmk)	Binturong (wca) 1.Musang Binturong 2.Binturung (mmk)	VU. LC (rlm)
254	Paguma larvata annectens	Masked Palm Civet	Musang Lamri (wca,mmk)	LC. NT (rlm)
255	[4]Paradoxurus musanga musanga -P. musangus (mybis,iucn,gbif,inat) -P. hermaphroditus (mmk)	Southern Palm Civet 1.Common Palm Civet (mmk)	Musang Pulut (mybis,mmk)	LC. LC (rlm)
	*Subfamily: Hemigalinae*
256	Cynogale bennettii	Otter Civet	Musang Memerang (wca,mybis,mmk)	EN. EN (rlm)
257	Hemigalus derbyanus derbyanus	Banded Palm Civet	Musang Belang (wca,mybis,mmk)	NT. LC (rlm)
	*Family: Herpestidae*	Mongooses	Bambun
	*Subfamily: Herpestinae*
258	Urva brachyura brachyura 1.Herpestes brachyurus (wca,mybis,mmk,iucn)	Short-tailed Mongoose	Bambun Ekor-pendek 1.Bambun Ekor Pendek (wca,mybis,mmk)	Urva = Herpestes. NT. NT (rlm)
259	Urva urva urva 1.Herpestes urva (mybis,mmk)	Crab-eating Mongoose	Bambun (wca,mybis) 1.Bambun Makan-Ketam (mmk)	LC. NT (rlb)
260	Urva javanica 1.Herpestes javanicus (wca,mybis,mmk)	Javan Mongoose (mmk) 1.Small Asian Mongoose (mybis)	Bambun Jawa (mybis,mmk) 1.Cerpelai Jawa (mybis,mmk)	No Malay name, wca. Mmk has H. auropunctatus, Small Indian Mongoose, Bambun Kecil. LC. DD (rlm)
	*Family: Canidae*	Dogs	Anjing
261	Cuon alpinus hesperius	Dhole 1.Asiatic Wild Dog (wca)	Anjing Hutan (wca,mybis,mmk)	EN. NT (rlm)
—	Canis familiaris	Domestic Dog	Anjing	In icmw but not numbered.
	*Family: Ursidae*	Bears	Beruang
	*Subfamily: Ursinae*
262	Helarctos malayanus malayanus	Sun Bear	Beruang Matahari (wca,mybis) 1.Beruang (mmk)	VU. VU (rlm)
	*Family: Mustelidae*	Weasels & relatives	Mengkira, Pulasan, Memerang
	*Subfamily: Martinae*
263	Martes flavigula peninsularis	Yellow-throated Marten	Mengkira (wca,mybis,mmk)	LC. NT (rlm)
	*Subfamily: Mustelinae*
264	Mustela nudipes	Malay Weasel	Pulasan Tanah (wca,mybis,mmk)	LC. LC (rlm)
	*Subfamily: Lutrinae*
265	Lutra sumatrana	Hairy-nosed Otter	Memerang Hidung-berbulu 1.Memerang Hidung Berbulu (wca,mybis,mmk)	Mmk has L. lutra, Common Otter, Memerang Utara for Langkawi. EN. EN (rlm)
266	Aonyx cinereus cinereus 1.Ambfonyx cinerea (mmk)	Asian Small-clawed Otter 1.Oriental Small-clawed Otter (mmk)	Memerang Kecil (wca,mbis,mmk)	VU. NT (rlm)
267	Lutrogale perspicillata perspicillata	Smooth-coated Otter	Memerang Licin (wca,mybis,mmk)	VU. LC (rlm)

Results and Discussion

A Checklist of mammals of Peninsular Malaysia with every species given a Malay name, alongside scientific and English names, has been created, a first for mammals of the Peninsula. For example, species of the Paus and Lumba-lumba families have now each been given a Malay name. The Checklist follows the scientific and English names from the Illustrated Checklist of the Mammals of the World (Burgin et al., 2020).

There are species that we could not apply our Malay naming rule to show relatedness between them because they are already widely accepted names that do not comply with our rules, for example, the Kambing Gurun (Sumatran Serow, Capricornis sumatraensis) of the family Bovidae. It is neither a goat nor has it anything to do with the desert. If we want to follow our naming rule, the Indonesian name is better suited, Kambing-hutan (but not Kambing Hutan which would infer that it is a species of goat).

There are six critically endangered (CR) species under the IUCN or/and RLM criteria, 32 endangered (EN) species, and 39 vulnerable (VU) species. That is, altogether there are 77 species in the Threatened category (VU, EN, CR), those on the path to extinction if no actions are taken, i.e., nearly 30 percent of the total mammal species in the Peninsula are threatened with extinction. That is a very high percentage.

Some of the critically endangered are the Banteng (Bos javanicus, Banteng), Sunda/Malayan Pangolin (Manis javanicus, Tenggiling), Tiger (Panthera tigris, Harimau Belang), with the Sumatran Rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis, Badak Sumatra)already extinct in the Peninsula.

Some of the endangered species are Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus, Gajah Asia), Hairy-nosed Otter (Lutra sumatrana, Memerang Hidung-berbulu), Flat-headed Cat (Prionailurus planiceps, Kucing Hutan), Leopard (Panthera pardus, Harimau Kumbang/Bintang), Malayan Tapir (Acrocodia indicus, Cipan), Sambar (Rusa unicolor, Rusa Sambar), Irrawady Dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris, Lumba-lumba Paus Sungai), Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus, Paus Biru), Large Flying Fox (Pteropus vampyrus, Keluang), Smoky Flying Squirrel (Pteromyscus pulverulentus, Tupai Terbang Kelabu), Siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus, Siamang), Lar Gibbon (Hylobates lar, Ungka Tangan-putih), and Sunda Slow Loris (Nycticebus coucang, Kongkang) among others.

Conclusion

This Checklist has 267 species of Peninsular Malaysian mammals according to the Illustrated Checklist of the Mammals of the World (Burgin et al., 2020). The bulk is made up of the families of mice and rats (tikus – 25 species), squirrels (tupai – 24 species), and bats (cecadu, keluang, kelawar – 104 species). The cetaceans of our seas made up 31 species (whales/paus – 14 species, dolphins/lumba-lumba – 16 species, porpoise/gondal – 1 species). There are 8 cats (3 big cats – Harimau belang, kumbang, dahan; 5 small wild cats – kucing liar), 10 civets (musang, including Binturong), 4 langurs (lotong), 3 gibbons (2 ungka and 1 siamang), one bear (Beruang Matahari), and 3 otters (memerang), 3 bovids (Seladang, Banteng, Kambing Gurun), 3 monkeys (Kera, Beruk, Beruk Kentoi), one wild dog (Dhole/Anjing Hutan), one elephant (Gajah Asia), one Dugong, among others.

Our aims to create Malay names to Peninsular Malaysian species in a systematic manner and to indicate relationships between them are achievable for some species. For others already with Malay names, especially those in WCA and widely used names, this presents a constraint. For example, the above-mentioned Keluang and Kambing Gurun in the Introduction.

The naming rule for mammals is the same as to those that we have also created for the other Checklists (birds, butterflies, odonates, and snakes) since the basis of the naming starts with the scientific family, going down to the subfamily, group name (subgroup name is not applicable for mammals), and finally the specific name.

77 species out of 267 total mammal species in the Peninsula are in the threatened category (VU, EN, CR) i.e. nearly 30 percent are on the path to extinction if no conservation efforts are taken.

References

(Accessed 25 December 2023) (AOS 2023)

Attorney General’s Chambers (2012). Wildlife Conservation Act 2010 Act 716 of Malaysia: Amendment 2012. (AGC 2012)

Burgin, C.J., Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier, Anthony B. Rylands, Thomas E. Lacher & Wes Sechrest (2020), Illustrated Checklist of the Mammals of the World (Volumes 1 & 2), Lynx Edition, Barcelona.

Mohd. Momin Khan (2012), Panduan Bergambar Khazanah Mamalia Semenanjung Malaysia. Tinta Publishers. Kuala Lumpur.

PERHILITAN (2017), Red list Of Mammals For Peninsular Malaysia Version 2.0. Kuala Lumpur: Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN) Peninsular Malaysia.

Websites

Checklist of Birds of Peninsular Malaysia: https://rosliomarphotography.com/checklist-birds-scientific-english-malay-names/

Checklist of Butterflies of Peninsular Malaysia: https://rosliomarphotography.com/butterfly-checklist-of-peninsular-malaysia/

Checklist of Odonata of Peninsular Malaysia: https://rosliomarphotography.com/odonata-checklist-of-peninsular-malaysia/

Checklist of Snakes of Peninsular Malaysia: https://rosliomarphotography.com/checklist-of-snakes-of-peninsular-malaysia/

GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility): https://www.gbif.org/

iNaturalist: https://www.inaturalist.org/

IUCN Redlist (International Union for the Conservation of Nature): https://www.iucnredlist.org › en

MyBIS (Malaysian Biodiversity Information System): https://mybis.gov.my/one

Wikipedia Bahasa Indonesia: https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halaman_Utama

Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu: https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laman_Utama

[1] MyBIS and MMK have Callosciurus flavimanus, Belly-banded Squirrel, Tupai Bukit, for Peninsular Malaysia but not ICMW.

[2] MyBis, mmk list T. javanicus for Peninsular Malaysia but not icmw, iucn, and inat. Gbif lists it but its 2 records are from 1963 and both from the same location, Janda Baik.

[3] Mybis lists R. timorensis but as an introduced species.

[4] PM = Paradoxurus hermaphroditus? PH by mybis, iucn, gbif, inat. PH is Northern Palm Civet by icmw.